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The driving mechanism of starbursts in galaxy mergers
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Submitted 24 Jun 2010
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim While merger-driven bursts of star formation are generally attributed to large-scale gas inflows towards the nuclear regions, we show that once a realistic ISM is resolved, the dominant process is actually gas fragmentation into massive and dense clouds and rapid star formation therein.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
We present hydrodynamic simulations of a major merger of disk galaxies, and study the ISM dynamics and star formation properties. High spatial and mass resolutions of 12pc and 4x10^4 M_sol allow to resolve cold and turbulent gas clouds embedded in a warmer diffuse phase. We compare to lower resolution models, where the multiphase ISM is not resolved and is modeled as a relatively homogeneous and stable medium. While merger-driven bursts of star formation are generally attributed to large-scale gas inflows towards the nuclear regions, we show that once a realistic ISM is resolved, the dominant process is actually gas fragmentation into massive and dense clouds and rapid star formation therein. As a consequence, star formation is more efficient by a factor of up to 10 and is also somewhat more extended, while the gas density probability distribution function (PDF) rapidly evolves towards very high densities. We thus propose that the actual mechanism of starburst triggering in galaxy collisions can only be captured at high spatial resolution and when the cooling of gas is modeled down to less than 10^3 K. Not only does our model reproduce the properties of the Antennae system, but it also explains the ``starburst mode'' revealed recently in high-redshift mergers compared to quiescent disks.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | We present hydrodynamic simulations of a major merger of disk galaxies, and study the ISM dynamics and star formation properties. | contribution 0.74 | 0.96 | 0.02 | asserted 0.59 |
| s1 | High spatial and mass resolutions of 12pc and 4x10^4 M_sol allow to resolve cold and turbulent gas clouds embedded in a warmer diffuse phase. | method 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | We compare to lower resolution models, where the multiphase ISM is not resolved and is modeled as a relatively homogeneous and stable medium. | method 0.94 | 0.78 | 0.02 | asserted 0.96 |
| s3 | While merger-driven bursts of star formation are generally attributed to large-scale gas inflows towards the nuclear regions, we show that once a realistic ISM is resolved, the dominant process is actually gas fragmentation into massive and dense clouds and rapid star formation therein. | result 0.82 | 0.93 | 0.92 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | As a consequence, star formation is more efficient by a factor of up to 10 and is also somewhat more extended, while the gas density probability distribution function (PDF) rapidly evolves towards very high densities. | result 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.14 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | We thus propose that the actual mechanism of starburst triggering in galaxy collisions can only be captured at high spatial resolution and when the cooling of gas is modeled down to less than 10^3 K. | interpretation 0.93 | 0.62 | 0.44 | asserted 0.58 |
| s6 | Not only does our model reproduce the properties of the Antennae system, but it also explains the ``starburst mode'' revealed recently in high-redshift mergers compared to quiescent disks. | result 0.72 | 0.86 | 0.09 | asserted 1.00 |
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The paper
Original abstract
We present hydrodynamic simulations of a major merger of disk galaxies, and study the ISM dynamics and star formation properties. High spatial and mass resolutions of 12pc and 4x10^4 M_sol allow to resolve cold and turbulent gas clouds embedded in a warmer diffuse phase. We compare to lower resolution models, where the multiphase ISM is not resolved and is modeled as a relatively homogeneous and stable medium. While merger-driven bursts of star formation are generally attributed to large-scale gas inflows towards the nuclear regions, we show that once a realistic ISM is resolved, the dominant process is actually gas fragmentation into massive and dense clouds and rapid star formation therein. As a consequence, star formation is more efficient by a factor of up to 10 and is also somewhat more extended, while the gas density probability distribution function (PDF) rapidly evolves towards very high densities. We thus propose that the actual mechanism of starburst triggering in galaxy collisions can only be captured at high spatial resolution and when the cooling of gas is modeled down to less than 10^3 K. Not only does our model reproduce the properties of the Antennae system, but it also explains the ``starburst mode'' revealed recently in high-redshift mergers compared to quiescent disks.
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References
How later papers used it
61 later papers cite it
3 papers by the same authors are listed below: 3 used its method or tool.
Uses its method or tool 3 of 7 papers with this label · 3 by the same authors
By the same authors
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Used this paper's equation for the pressure floor, as in this paper.
Hierarchical fragmentation in high redshift galaxies revealed by hydrodynamical simulations (2021) (same authors) · 0.98 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
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Used a pseudo-cooling equation of state, as in this paper, to dictate gas temperature based on density at high resolution.
Galactic star formation in parsec-scale resolution simulations (2010) (same authors) · 0.99 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
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Used an equation of state modeling gas equilibrium between main heating and cooling processes, as in this paper.
ISM properties in hydrodynamic galaxy simulations: Turbulence cascades, cloud formation, role of gravity and feedback (2010) (same authors) · 0.93 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
How the literature uses it
6 arXiv papers cite this in 8 sentences
Papers citing it · 4 sentences without a confident label
Uses its method or tool 2 papers
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To achieve our high resolution, we use a `pseudo-cooling' equation of state which dictates the temperature of gas based on its density [ref] .
Galactic star formation in parsec-scale resolution simulations · Star formation modes during major mergers · 0.99
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Here we use an EoS modeling the equilibrium of gas between the main heating (UV heating and stellar feedback) and cooling (atomic and dust cooling) processes [ref] .
ISM properties in hydrodynamic galaxy simulations: Turbulence cascades, cloud formation, role of gravity and feedback · Simulation technique · 0.93
Cites it as support 1 paper
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They have major consequences on disks and bulges at high redshift, and a significant impact in mergers, too [ref] .
Galaxy formation hydrodynamics: From cosmic flows to star-forming clouds · ISM physics in galaxy formation · 0.96
Cites it as background 1 paper
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The reader is encouraged to see [ref] and [ref] (and references therein) for results on how this can affect the evolution of the ISM in simulations of turbulent gas-rich disk galaxies and mergers.
K+A Galaxies as the Aftermath of Gas-Rich Mergers: Simulating the Evolution of Galaxies as Seen by Spectroscopic Surveys · Modeling and Numerical Considerations · 0.90
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