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The outburst decay of the low magnetic field magnetar SGR 0418+5729

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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N. Rea, G. L. Israel, J. A. Pons, R. Turolla, D. Vigano, S. Zane, P. Esposito, R. Perna
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A. Papitto, G. Terreran, A. Tiengo, D. Salvetti, J. M. Girart, Aina Palau, A. Possenti, M. Burgay, E. Gogus, A. Caliandro, C. Kouveliotou, D. Gotz, R. P. Mignani, E. Ratti, L. Stella

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Submitted 22 Mar 2013

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim This measurement confirms SGR 0418+5729 as the lowest magnetic field magnetar.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

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arXiv ID1303.5579 (version 2)
Pith IDR7NAA5XE, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationA. Caliandro, Aina Palau, A. Papitto, A. Possenti, A. Tiengo, C. Kouveliotou, D. Gotz, D. Salvetti, D. Vigano, E. Gogus, E. Ratti, G. L. Israel, G. Terreran, J. A. Pons, J. M. Girart, L. Stella, M. Burgay, N. Rea, P. Esposito, R. Perna, R. P. Mignani, R. Turolla, S. Zane. "The outburst decay of the low magnetic field magnetar SGR 0418+5729." arXiv:1303.5579 (2013). https://pith.science/paper/R7NAA5XE
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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 8,700 input tokens, $0.0004 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.60 · states limitation 0.29 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.99 · compares with prior results 0.46 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We report on the long term X-ray monitoring of the outburst decay of the low magnetic field magnetar SGR 0418+5729, using all the available X-ray data obtained with RXTE, SWIFT, Chandra, and XMM-Newton observations, from the discovery of the source in June 2009, up to August 2012. The timing analysis allowed us to obtain the first measurement of the period derivative of SGR 0418+5729: \dot{P}=4(1)x10^{-15} s/s, significant at ~3.5 sigma confidence level. This leads to a surface dipolar magnetic field of B_dip ~6x 10^{12} G. This measurement confirms SGR 0418+5729 as the lowest magnetic field magnetar. Following the flux and spectral evolution from the beginning of the outburst up to ~1200 days, we observe a gradual cooling of the tiny hot spot responsible for the X-ray emission, from a temperature of ~0.9 to 0.3 keV. Simultaneously, the X-ray flux decreased by about 3 orders of magnitude: from about 1.4x10^{-11} to 1.2x10^{-14} erg/s/cm^2 . Deep radio, millimeter, optical and gamma-ray observations did not detect the source counterpart, implying stringent limits on its multi-band emission, as well as constraints on the presence of a fossil disk. By modeling the magneto-thermal secular evolution of SGR 0418+5729, we infer a realistic age of ~550 kyr, and a dipolar magnetic field at birth of ~10^{14} G. The outburst characteristics suggest the presence of a thin twisted bundle with a small heated spot at its base. The bundle untwisted in the first few months following the outburst, while the hot spot decreases in temperature and size. We estimate the outburst rate of low magnetic field magnetars to be about one per year per galaxy, and we briefly discuss the consequences of such result in several other astrophysical contexts.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We report on the long term X-ray monitoring of the outburst decay of the low magnetic field magnetar SGR 0418+5729, using all the available X-ray data obtained with RXTE, SWIFT, Chandra, and XMM-Newton observations, from the discovery of the source in June 2009, up to August 2012. contribution 0.64 0.94 0.03 asserted 0.96
s1 The timing analysis allowed us to obtain the first measurement of the period derivative of SGR 0418+5729: \dot{P}=4(1)x10^{-15} s/s, significant at ~3.5 sigma confidence level. result 1.00 0.97 0.13 asserted 1.00
s2 This leads to a surface dipolar magnetic field of B_dip ~6x 10^{12} G. result 0.98 0.92 0.12 asserted 0.99
s3 This measurement confirms SGR 0418+5729 as the lowest magnetic field magnetar. interpretation 0.91 0.83 0.45 asserted 1.00
s4 Following the flux and spectral evolution from the beginning of the outburst up to ~1200 days, we observe a gradual cooling of the tiny hot spot responsible for the X-ray emission, from a temperature of ~0.9 to 0.3 keV. result 1.00 0.95 0.07 asserted 1.00
s5 Simultaneously, the X-ray flux decreased by about 3 orders of magnitude: from about 1.4x10^{-11} to 1.2x10^{-14} erg/s/cm^2 . result 1.00 0.93 0.05 asserted 1.00
s6 Deep radio, millimeter, optical and gamma-ray observations did not detect the source counterpart, implying stringent limits on its multi-band emission, as well as constraints on the presence of a fossil disk. result 0.94 0.89 0.04 asserted 0.89
s7 By modeling the magneto-thermal secular evolution of SGR 0418+5729, we infer a realistic age of ~550 kyr, and a dipolar magnetic field at birth of ~10^{14} G. result 0.86 0.96 0.15 asserted 0.91
s8 The outburst characteristics suggest the presence of a thin twisted bundle with a small heated spot at its base. interpretation 0.96 0.81 0.08 hedged possibility 0.99
s9 The bundle untwisted in the first few months following the outburst, while the hot spot decreases in temperature and size. interpretation 0.91 0.77 0.07 asserted 0.99
s10 We estimate the outburst rate of low magnetic field magnetars to be about one per year per galaxy, and we briefly discuss the consequences of such result in several other astrophysical contexts. result 0.77 0.91 0.11 asserted 0.69

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.88.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
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not examined
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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We report on the long term X-ray monitoring of the outburst decay of the low magnetic field magnetar SGR 0418+5729, using all the available X-ray data obtained with RXTE, SWIFT, Chandra, and XMM-Newton observations, from the discovery of the source in June 2009, up to August 2012. The timing analysis allowed us to obtain the first measurement of the period derivative of SGR 0418+5729: \dot{P}=4(1)x10^{-15} s/s, significant at ~3.5 sigma confidence level. This leads to a surface dipolar magnetic field of B_dip ~6x 10^{12} G. This measurement confirms SGR 0418+5729 as the lowest magnetic field magnetar. Following the flux and spectral evolution from the beginning of the outburst up to ~1200 days, we observe a gradual cooling of the tiny hot spot responsible for the X-ray emission, from a temperature of ~0.9 to 0.3 keV. Simultaneously, the X-ray flux decreased by about 3 orders of magnitude: from about 1.4x10^{-11} to 1.2x10^{-14} erg/s/cm^2 . Deep radio, millimeter, optical and gamma-ray observations did not detect the source counterpart, implying stringent limits on its multi-band emission, as well as constraints on the presence of a fossil disk. By modeling the magneto-thermal secular evolution of SGR 0418+5729, we infer a realistic age of ~550 kyr, and a dipolar magnetic field at birth of ~10^{14} G. The outburst characteristics suggest the presence of a thin twisted bundle with a small heated spot at its base. The bundle untwisted in the first few months following the outburst, while the hot spot decreases in temperature and size. We estimate the outburst rate of low magnetic field magnetars to be about one per year per galaxy, and we briefly discuss the consequences of such result in several other astrophysical contexts.

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References
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