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Four open questions in massive star evolution

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arxiv 1308.5797 v1 pith:2AFN5NXM submitted 2013-08-27 astro-ph.SR

Four open questions in massive star evolution

classification astro-ph.SR
keywords starsevolutionmassivesupergianttheybeendiscussfour
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We discuss four questions dealing with massive star evolution. The first one is about the origin of slowly rotating, non-evolved, nitrogen rich stars. We propose that these stars may originate from initially fast rotating stars whose surface has been braked down. The second question is about the evolutionary status of alpha-Cygni variables. According to their pulsation properties, these stars should be post red supergiant stars. However, some stars at least present surface abundances indicating that they should be pre red supergiant stars. How to reconcile these two contradictory requirements? The third one concerns the various supernova types which are the end point of the evolution of stars with initial masses between 18 and 30 Msun, i.e. the most massive stars which go through a red supergiant phase during their lifetime. Do they produce types IIP, IIL, IIn, IIb or Ib supernovae or do they end without producing any SN event? Finally, we shall discuss reasons why so few progenitors of type Ibc supernovae have yet been detected?

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