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A Galactic Halo Origin of the Neutrinos Detected by IceCube
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Submitted 13 Mar 2014
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We motivate that such an intensity of diffuse neutrino emission could be Galactic in origin if it is produced from an outflow into the halo region.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Recent IceCube results suggest that the first detection of very high energy astrophysical neutrinos have been accomplished. We consider these results at face value in a Galactic origin context. Emission scenarios from both the Fermi bubble and broader halo region are considered. We motivate that such an intensity of diffuse neutrino emission could be Galactic in origin if it is produced from an outflow into the halo region. This scenario requires cosmic ray transport within the outflow environment to be different to that inferred locally within the disk and that activity in the central part of the Galaxy accelerates cosmic rays to trans-"knee" energies before they escape into an outflow. The presence of a large reservoir of gas in a very extended halo around the Galaxy, recently inferred from X-ray observations, implies that relatively modest acceleration power of $10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in PeV energy cosmic rays may be sufficient to explain the observed neutrino flux. Such a luminosity is compatible with that required to explain the observed intensity of cosmic rays around the "knee".
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Recent IceCube results suggest that the first detection of very high energy astrophysical neutrinos have been accomplished. | background 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.05 | hedged possibility 1.00 |
| s1 | We consider these results at face value in a Galactic origin context. | contribution 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.05 | asserted 0.48 |
| s2 | Emission scenarios from both the Fermi bubble and broader halo region are considered. | contribution 0.53 | 0.69 | 0.04 | asserted 0.72 |
| s3 | We motivate that such an intensity of diffuse neutrino emission could be Galactic in origin if it is produced from an outflow into the halo region. | interpretation 0.59 | 0.52 | 0.55 | hedged possibility 1.00 |
| s4 | This scenario requires cosmic ray transport within the outflow environment to be different to that inferred locally within the disk and that activity in the central part of the Galaxy accelerates cosmic rays to trans-"knee" energies before they escape into an outflow. | interpretation 0.82 | 0.34 | 0.11 | asserted 0.84 |
| s5 | The presence of a large reservoir of gas in a very extended halo around the Galaxy, recently inferred from X-ray observations, implies that relatively modest acceleration power of $10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in PeV energy cosmic rays may be sufficient to explain the observed neutrino flux. | result 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.49 | hedged possibility 0.99 |
| s6 | Such a luminosity is compatible with that required to explain the observed intensity of cosmic rays around the "knee". | interpretation 0.90 | 0.34 | 0.13 | asserted 0.61 |
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The paper
Original abstract
Recent IceCube results suggest that the first detection of very high energy astrophysical neutrinos have been accomplished. We consider these results at face value in a Galactic origin context. Emission scenarios from both the Fermi bubble and broader halo region are considered. We motivate that such an intensity of diffuse neutrino emission could be Galactic in origin if it is produced from an outflow into the halo region. This scenario requires cosmic ray transport within the outflow environment to be different to that inferred locally within the disk and that activity in the central part of the Galaxy accelerates cosmic rays to trans-"knee" energies before they escape into an outflow. The presence of a large reservoir of gas in a very extended halo around the Galaxy, recently inferred from X-ray observations, implies that relatively modest acceleration power of $10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in PeV energy cosmic rays may be sufficient to explain the observed neutrino flux. Such a luminosity is compatible with that required to explain the observed intensity of cosmic rays around the "knee".
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References
How the literature uses it
41 arXiv papers cite this in 49 sentences
Papers citing it · 28 sentences without a confident label
Cites it as support 1 paper
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The observed excesses in diffuse gamma rays [ref] and neutrinos [ref] may therefore provide supporting evidence for the giant-halo scenario.
Galactic Cosmic Ray Transport in the Giant Circumgalactic Medium Halo · Observational test of the giant-halo scenario · 0.96
Cites it as background 20 papers
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There are many models proposed to explain these diffuse neutrinos, e.g., produced by Galactic cosmic ray (CR) propagation or Galactic point sources [ref] , by extragalactic sources such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) [ref] , active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets [ref] or cores [ref] , star forming galaxies [ref] and starbutrst galaxies [ref] , and by cosmogenic neutrinos from ultrahigh energy CR interactions with cosmic microwave background (CMB) [ref] .
Can FSRQs produce the IceCube detected diffuse neutrino emission? · Introduction · 0.99
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These neutrinos have been suggested to have either a Galactic (e.g. [ref] ) and/or an extragalactic origin (e.g. [ref] ), and may have a hadronuclear origin [ref] .
Unified model for cosmic rays above $10^{17}$ eV and the diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino backgrounds · Introduction · 0.96
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Possible sources are unidentified Galactic PeV sources [ref] or microquasars [ref] , pulsar wind nebulae [ref] , extended Galactic structures like the Fermi Bubbles [ref] , the Galactic Halo [ref] or Sagittarius A$^*$ [ref] .
Galactic Neutrinos in the TeV to PeV Range · Introduction · 0.95
What it cites · 21 sentences without a confident label
Uses data or values from 3 papers
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The level of very high energy $γ$-rays allowed from the Galactic plane, as was considered in [ref] , the MILAGRO observations [ref] which partially covered this region provide a basis for determining its multi-TeV gamma-ray brightness.
A Measurement of the Spatial Distribution of Diffuse TeV Gamma Ray Emission from the Galactic Plane with Milagro · Introduction · 0.89
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The level of very high energy $γ$-rays allowed from the Galactic plane, as was considered in [ref] , the MILAGRO observations [ref] which partially covered this region provide a basis for determining its multi-TeV gamma-ray brightness.
The diffuse neutrino flux from the inner Galaxy: constraints from very high energy gamma-ray observations · Introduction · 0.89
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This parameterisation is found to fit well, within an accuracy of $∼20%$, the published all–sky effective area for the three different neutrino species shown in fig. 7 of [ref] .
Evidence for High-Energy Extraterrestrial Neutrinos at the IceCube Detector · Introduction · 0.87
Compares with 3 papers
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It should be noted that the numbers obtained above are a factor of $∼$2 smaller than those obtained in [ref] for the Galactic center region, for which an $E^-2.3$ power-law scaling from the 100 GeV fluxes, at the level 3500 eV cm$^-2$ s$^-1$ sr$^-1$ observed by Fermi [ref] , were adopted.
Fermi-LAT Observations of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission: Implications for Cosmic Rays and the Interstellar Medium · Introduction · 0.89
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It should be noted that the numbers obtained above are a factor of $∼$2 smaller than those obtained in [ref] for the Galactic center region, for which an $E^-2.3$ power-law scaling from the 100 GeV fluxes, at the level 3500 eV cm$^-2$ s$^-1$ sr$^-1$ observed by Fermi [ref] , were adopted.
The Galactic Center Origin of a Subset of IceCube Neutrino Events · Introduction · 0.89
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Such a luminosity, though large, is comparable to that required by hadronic origin scenarios used to explain the existence of Fermi Bubble regions at GeV energies [ref] .
The Fermi Bubbles: Giant, Multi-Billion-Year-Old Reservoirs of Galactic Center Cosmic Rays · Galactic Outflow Emission · 0.99
Cites as support 4 papers
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With regards a target for pp collisions within the halo, recent new observational evidence now suggests that the “missing baryons problem” may be solved by the presence of a dominant component of baryons in the halo [ref] .
A huge reservoir of ionized gas around the Milky Way: Accounting for the Missing Mass? · Galactic Outflow Emission · 0.99
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However, with recent evidence indicating a significant budget of underlying power exists for particle acceleration within outflows from the Galactic center [ref] , an increase of more than an order of magnitude beyond this estimated luminosity could still be considered acceptable.
Dissecting X-ray-emitting Gas around the Center of our Galaxy · Galactic Outflow Emission · 1.00
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Such a scenario apparently fits in with recent dynamic modelling of the Fermi bubble structures [ref] .
Formation of large-scale magnetic structures associated with the Fermi bubbles · Galactic Outflow Emission · 0.99
Cites as background 4 papers
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Both Galactic [ref] and extragalactic [ref] scenarios of their production have been proposed, with a tendency to disfavor Galactic models other than those involving a connection with the Fermi bubble structures.
Neutrino Events at IceCube and the Fermi Bubbles · Introduction · 0.98
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Both Galactic [ref] and extragalactic [ref] scenarios of their production have been proposed, with a tendency to disfavor Galactic models other than those involving a connection with the Fermi bubble structures.
Probing the Galactic Origin of the IceCube Excess with Gamma-Rays · Introduction · 0.98
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Both Galactic [ref] and extragalactic [ref] scenarios of their production have been proposed, with a tendency to disfavor Galactic models other than those involving a connection with the Fermi bubble structures.
Diffuse PeV neutrinos from EeV cosmic ray sources: semi-relativistic hypernova remnants in star-forming galaxies · Introduction · 0.98
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