RECORD
Failure of the $L^1$ pointwise and maximal ergodic theorems for the free group
Dynamical Systems · Submitted 18 May 2015
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We give an example of a measure-preserving system $X$ and an $f \in L^1(X)$ such that the sequence ${\mathcal A}_n f(x)$ is unbounded in $n$ for almost every $x$, thus showing that the pointwise and maximal ergodic theorems do not hold in $L^1$ for actions of $F_2$.
The compiled record
The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.
Open the compiled record
The abstract, sentence by sentence
Let $F_2$ denote the free group on two generators $a,b$. For any measure-preserving system $(X, {\mathcal X}, \mu, (T_g)_{g \in F_2})$ on a finite measure space $X = (X,{\mathcal X},\mu)$, any $f \in L^1(X)$, and any $n \geq 1$, define the averaging operators $${\mathcal A}_n f(x) := \frac{1}{4 \times 3^{n-1}} \sum_{g \in F_2: |g| = n} f( T_g^{-1} x ),$$ where $|g|$ denotes the word length of $g$. We give an example of a measure-preserving system $X$ and an $f \in L^1(X)$ such that the sequence ${\mathcal A}_n f(x)$ is unbounded in $n$ for almost every $x$, thus showing that the pointwise and maximal ergodic theorems do not hold in $L^1$ for actions of $F_2$. This is despite the results of Nevo-Stein and Bufetov, who establish pointwise and maximal ergodic theorems in $L^p$ for $p>1$ and for $L \log L$ respectively, as well as an estimate of Naor and the author establishing a weak-type $(1,1)$ maximal inequality for the action on $\ell^1(F_2)$. Our construction is a variant of a counterexample of Ornstein concerning iterates of a Markov operator.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Let $F_2$ denote the free group on two generators $a,b$. | background 1.00 | 0.08 | 0.01 | asserted 0.76 |
| s1 | For any measure-preserving system $(X, {\mathcal X}, \mu, (T_g)_{g \in F_2})$ on a finite measure space $X = (X,{\mathcal X},\mu)$, any $f \in L^1(X)$, and any $n \geq 1$, define the averaging operators $${\mathcal A}_n f(x) := \frac{1}{4 \times 3^{n-1}} \sum_{g \in F_2: |g| = n} f( T_g^{-1} x ),$$ where $|g|$ denotes the word length of $g$. | background 0.87 | 0.30 | 0.02 | asserted 0.77 |
| s2 | We give an example of a measure-preserving system $X$ and an $f \in L^1(X)$ such that the sequence ${\mathcal A}_n f(x)$ is unbounded in $n$ for almost every $x$, thus showing that the pointwise and maximal ergodic theorems do not hold in $L^1$ for actions of $F_2$. | result 0.88 | 0.97 | 0.97 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | This is despite the results of Nevo-Stein and Bufetov, who establish pointwise and maximal ergodic theorems in $L^p$ for $p>1$ and for $L \log L$ respectively, as well as an estimate of Naor and the author establishing a weak-type $(1,1)$ maximal inequality for the action on $\ell^1(F_2)$. | background 0.92 | 0.29 | 0.09 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | Our construction is a variant of a counterexample of Ornstein concerning iterates of a Markov operator. | method 0.93 | 0.62 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
What was examined, and what was not
- arXiv listing abstract v1
- full text
- figures and tables
- references and citing sentences
- relations to other papers
- P abstract
- S sections
- T body sentences
- C citations
- R cross-paper relations
The paper
Original abstract
Let $F_2$ denote the free group on two generators $a,b$. For any measure-preserving system $(X, {\mathcal X}, \mu, (T_g)_{g \in F_2})$ on a finite measure space $X = (X,{\mathcal X},\mu)$, any $f \in L^1(X)$, and any $n \geq 1$, define the averaging operators $${\mathcal A}_n f(x) := \frac{1}{4 \times 3^{n-1}} \sum_{g \in F_2: |g| = n} f( T_g^{-1} x ),$$ where $|g|$ denotes the word length of $g$. We give an example of a measure-preserving system $X$ and an $f \in L^1(X)$ such that the sequence ${\mathcal A}_n f(x)$ is unbounded in $n$ for almost every $x$, thus showing that the pointwise and maximal ergodic theorems do not hold in $L^1$ for actions of $F_2$. This is despite the results of Nevo-Stein and Bufetov, who establish pointwise and maximal ergodic theorems in $L^p$ for $p>1$ and for $L \log L$ respectively, as well as an estimate of Naor and the author establishing a weak-type $(1,1)$ maximal inequality for the action on $\ell^1(F_2)$. Our construction is a variant of a counterexample of Ornstein concerning iterates of a Markov operator.
Human review
Discussion
Know something about this paper? Leave a comment, or highlight any passage above to comment on it.