A zero-sqrt(5)/ 2 law for cosine families

Jean Esterle (IMB)

RECORD

A zero-sqrt(5)/ 2 law for cosine families

Jean Esterle (IMB)

Functional Analysis · Submitted 22 May 2015

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim $ We show that if a cosine sequence $(C(n))\_{n\in \Z}$ with values in a Banach algebra $A$ satisfies $sup\_{n\ge 1}\Vert C(n) -cos(na).1\_A\Vert \textless{} k(a),$ then $C(n)=cos(na)$ for $n\in \Z.$ Since ${\sqrt 5\over 2} \le k(a) \le {8\over 3\sqrt 3}$ for every $a \in \R,$ this shows that if some cosine family $(C(g))\_{g\in G}$ over an abelian group $G$ in a Banach algebra satisfies $sup\_{g\in G}\Vert C(g)-c(g)\Vert \textless{} {\sqrt 5\over 2}$ for some scalar cosine family $(c(g))\_{g\in G},$ then $C(g)=c(g)$ for $g\in G,$ and the constant ${\sqrt 5\over 2}$ is optimal.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

Comment (0) Read on arXiv ↗

Cite ▾

Claim paper

The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

Open the compiled record

Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,421 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.34 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.10 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.98 · compares with prior results 0.18 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

Let $a \in \R,$ and let $k(a)$ be the largest constant such that $sup\vert cos(na)-cos(nb)\vert \textless{} k(a)$ for $b\in \R$ implies that $b \in \pm a+2\pi\Z. $ We show that if a cosine sequence $(C(n))\_{n\in \Z}$ with values in a Banach algebra $A$ satisfies $sup\_{n\ge 1}\Vert C(n) -cos(na).1\_A\Vert \textless{} k(a),$ then $C(n)=cos(na)$ for $n\in \Z.$ Since ${\sqrt 5\over 2} \le k(a) \le {8\over 3\sqrt 3}$ for every $a \in \R,$ this shows that if some cosine family $(C(g))\_{g\in G}$ over an abelian group $G$ in a Banach algebra satisfies $sup\_{g\in G}\Vert C(g)-c(g)\Vert \textless{} {\sqrt 5\over 2}$ for some scalar cosine family $(c(g))\_{g\in G},$ then $C(g)=c(g)$ for $g\in G,$ and the constant ${\sqrt 5\over 2}$ is optimal. We also describe the set of all real numbers $a \in [0,\pi]$ satisfying $k(a)\le {3\over 2}.$

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	Let $a \in \R,$ and let $k(a)$ be the largest constant such that $sup\vert cos(na)-cos(nb)\vert \textless{} k(a)$ for $b\in \R$ implies that $b \in \pm a+2\pi\Z.	background 0.76	0.32	0.06	asserted 0.61
s1	$ We show that if a cosine sequence $(C(n))\_{n\in \Z}$ with values in a Banach algebra $A$ satisfies $sup\_{n\ge 1}\Vert C(n) -cos(na).1\_A\Vert \textless{} k(a),$ then $C(n)=cos(na)$ for $n\in \Z.$ Since ${\sqrt 5\over 2} \le k(a) \le {8\over 3\sqrt 3}$ for every $a \in \R,$ this shows that if some cosine family $(C(g))\_{g\in G}$ over an abelian group $G$ in a Banach algebra satisfies $sup\_{g\in G}\Vert C(g)-c(g)\Vert \textless{} {\sqrt 5\over 2}$ for some scalar cosine family $(c(g))\_{g\in G},$ then $C(g)=c(g)$ for $g\in G,$ and the constant ${\sqrt 5\over 2}$ is optimal.	result 0.92	0.95	0.92	asserted 1.00
s2	We also describe the set of all real numbers $a \in [0,\pi]$ satisfying $k(a)\le {3\over 2}.$	result 0.70	0.94	0.04	asserted 0.99

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 1.00.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read

arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

levels run

P abstract

not run

S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

Let $a \in \R,$ and let $k(a)$ be the largest constant such that $sup\vert cos(na)-cos(nb)\vert \textless{} k(a)$ for $b\in \R$ implies that $b \in \pm a+2\pi\Z. $ We show that if a cosine sequence $(C(n))\_{n\in \Z}$ with values in a Banach algebra $A$ satisfies $sup\_{n\ge 1}\Vert C(n) -cos(na).1\_A\Vert \textless{} k(a),$ then $C(n)=cos(na)$ for $n\in \Z.$ Since ${\sqrt 5\over 2} \le k(a) \le {8\over 3\sqrt 3}$ for every $a \in \R,$ this shows that if some cosine family $(C(g))\_{g\in G}$ over an abelian group $G$ in a Banach algebra satisfies $sup\_{g\in G}\Vert C(g)-c(g)\Vert \textless{} {\sqrt 5\over 2}$ for some scalar cosine family $(c(g))\_{g\in G},$ then $C(g)=c(g)$ for $g\in G,$ and the constant ${\sqrt 5\over 2}$ is optimal. We also describe the set of all real numbers $a \in [0,\pi]$ satisfying $k(a)\le {3\over 2}.$

Human review

How Pith checks papers → · Full audit of this paper →

How the literature uses it

What this paper does with the arXiv papers it cites

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Discussion

Know something about this paper? Leave a comment, or highlight any passage above to comment on it.