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Monopoles on strings
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In cosmological scenarios based on grand unification, string theory or braneworlds, many kinds of topological or non-topological defects, including monopoles and cosmic strings, are predicted to be formed in the early universe. Here we review specifically the physics of composite objects involving monopoles tied to strings. There is a wide variety of these, including for example "dumbbells" and "necklaces," depending on how many strings attach to each monopole and on the extent to which the various fluxes are confined to the strings. We also briefly survey the prospects for observing such structures, the existing observational limits, and potential evidence for a cosmological role.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
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Metastable cosmic strings are broken at the start
Metastable cosmic-string networks are typically broken within a Hubble time of formation by finite-temperature effects or by pre-existing monopoles, so matching NANOGrav requires m_M^2/μ ≳ 10^3.
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A New Route to the Annihilation of Multi-Wall String Topological Configurations
Small bare fermion masses generate a bias via radiative corrections that triggers annihilation of multi-wall cosmic string networks in gravitationally broken global U(1) models, illustrated in a majoron framework with...
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