Lensing in the McVittie metric

Oliver F. Piattella

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Lensing in the McVittie metric

Oliver F. Piattella

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Submitted 19 Aug 2015

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Assuming a constant Hubble factor we find an analytic expression involving the bending angle, which turns out to be unaffected by the cosmological expansion at the leading order.

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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 2,874 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.02 · states limitation 0.55 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.07 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.12 · compares with prior results 0.09 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We investigate the effect of the cosmological expansion on the bending of light due to an isolated point-like mass. We adopt McVittie metric as the model for the geometry of the lens. Assuming a constant Hubble factor we find an analytic expression involving the bending angle, which turns out to be unaffected by the cosmological expansion at the leading order.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We investigate the effect of the cosmological expansion on the bending of light due to an isolated point-like mass.	contribution 0.76	0.80	0.06	unclear 0.80
s1	We adopt McVittie metric as the model for the geometry of the lens.	method 1.00	0.84	0.03	asserted 0.94
s2	Assuming a constant Hubble factor we find an analytic expression involving the bending angle, which turns out to be unaffected by the cosmological expansion at the leading order.	result 1.00	0.95	0.88	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 1.00.

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arXiv listing abstract v3

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full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
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P abstract

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S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

We investigate the effect of the cosmological expansion on the bending of light due to an isolated point-like mass. We adopt McVittie metric as the model for the geometry of the lens. Assuming a constant Hubble factor we find an analytic expression involving the bending angle, which turns out to be unaffected by the cosmological expansion at the leading order.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Limits on the Inferred Hubble Constant Bias from a Local McVittie Gravitational Field
gr-qc 2026-09 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

Using the McVittie spacetime, the authors derive that local gravitational fields bias the Hubble constant by less than 10^-10%, rulingout this class of explications for the Hubble tension.
Horizon-scale tests of gravity theories and fundamental physics from the Event Horizon Telescope image of Sagittarius A$^*$
gr-qc 2022-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

EHT observations of Sgr A* constrain deviations from GR black hole solutions including regular BHs, string-inspired spacetimes, and BH mimickers, with some limits exceeding cosmological bounds.

How the literature uses it

9 arXiv papers cite this in 11 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 9 sentences without a confident label

Cites it as background 2 papers

The geometrical properties of McVittie spacetime have already been discussed extensively [ref] , but on the contrary, its thermodynamic properties have rarely been studied.

The Hawking-Page-like Phase Transition from FRW Spacetime to McVittie Black Hole · Introduction · 0.93
We note in this connection that the lensing of the Plummer model has been studied in [ref] ; moreover, lensing in the McVittie universe has been studied in [ref] .

McVittie-Plummer Spacetime: Plummer Sphere Immersed in the FLRW Universe · Determination of Plummer Radius $b$ · 0.91

What it cites · 25 sentences without a confident label

Cites as background 22 papers

Their work and results gave rise to many others investigations, see e.g. Refs. [ref] .

The Cosmological Constant and the Gravitational Light Bending · Introduction · 0.91
Their work and results gave rise to many others investigations, see e.g. Refs. [ref] .

Light Deflection, Lensing, and Time Delays from Gravitational Potentials and Fermat's Principle in the Presence of a Cosmological Constant · Introduction · 0.91
Their work and results gave rise to many others investigations, see e.g. Refs. [ref] .

Lambda does not Lens: Deflection of Light in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter Spacetime · Introduction · 0.91

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