fastRESOLVE: fast Bayesian imaging for aperture synthesis in radio astronomy

The standard imaging algorithm for interferometric radio data, CLEAN, is optimal for point source observations, but suboptimal for diffuse emission. Recently, RESOLVE, a new Bayesian algorithm has been developed, which is ideal for extended source imaging. Unfortunately, RESOLVE is computationally very expensive. In this paper we present fastRESOLVE, a modification of RESOLVE based on an approximation of the interferometric likelihood that allows us to avoid expensive gridding routines and consequently gain a factor of roughly 100 in computation time. Furthermore, we include a Bayesian estimation of the measurement uncertainty of the visibilities into the imaging, a procedure not applied in aperture synthesis before. The algorithm requires little to no user input compared to the standard method CLEAN while being superior for extended and faint emission. We apply the algorithm to VLA data of Abell 2199 and show that it resolves more detailed structures.