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A Global Model For Circumgalactic and Cluster-Core Precipitation

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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G. M. Voit, G. Meece, Y. Li, B. W. O'Shea, G. L. Bryan, M. Donahue

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Submitted 8 Jul 2016

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We show that long-lasting configurations of gas with 5 < t_cool / t_ff < 20 and radial entropy profiles similar to observations of local cool-core galaxy cluster cores are a natural outcome of precipitation-regulated feedback.

how it is stated · asserted 1.00 read the record →

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arXiv ID1607.02212 (version 3)
Pith IDXK7I7XAX, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationB. W. O'Shea, G. L. Bryan, G. Meece, G. M. Voit, M. Donahue, Y. Li. "A Global Model For Circumgalactic and Cluster-Core Precipitation." arXiv:1607.02212 (2016). https://pith.science/paper/XK7I7XAX
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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 6,415 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.92 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.94 · compares with prior results 0.28 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We provide an analytic framework for interpreting observations of multiphase circumgalactic gas that is heavily informed by recent numerical simulations of thermal instability and precipitation in cool-core galaxy clusters. We start by considering the local conditions required for the formation of multiphase gas via two different modes: (1) uplift of ambient gas by galactic outflows, and (2) condensation in a stratified stationary medium in which thermal balance is explicitly maintained. Analytic exploration of these two modes provides insights into the relationships between the local ratio of the cooling and freefall time scales (i.e., t_cool / t_ff), the large-scale gradient of specific entropy, and development of precipitation and multiphase media in circumgalactic gas. We then use these analytic findings to interpret recent simulations of circumgalactic gas in which global thermal balance is maintained. We show that long-lasting configurations of gas with 5 < t_cool / t_ff < 20 and radial entropy profiles similar to observations of local cool-core galaxy cluster cores are a natural outcome of precipitation-regulated feedback. We conclude with some observational predictions that follow from these models. This work focuses primarily on precipitation and AGN feedback in galaxy cluster cores, because that is where the observations of multiphase gas around galaxies are most complete. However, many of the physical principles that govern condensation in those environments apply to circumgalactic gas around galaxies of all masses.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We provide an analytic framework for interpreting observations of multiphase circumgalactic gas that is heavily informed by recent numerical simulations of thermal instability and precipitation in cool-core galaxy clusters. contribution 0.99 0.91 0.05 asserted 1.00
s1 We start by considering the local conditions required for the formation of multiphase gas via two different modes: (1) uplift of ambient gas by galactic outflows, and (2) condensation in a stratified stationary medium in which thermal balance is explicitly maintained. method 0.88 0.59 0.02 asserted 0.67
s2 Analytic exploration of these two modes provides insights into the relationships between the local ratio of the cooling and freefall time scales (i.e., t_cool / t_ff), the large-scale gradient of specific entropy, and development of precipitation and multiphase media in circumgalactic gas. method 0.61 0.88 0.05 asserted 0.80
s3 We then use these analytic findings to interpret recent simulations of circumgalactic gas in which global thermal balance is maintained. method 0.69 0.82 0.04 asserted 0.89
s4 We show that long-lasting configurations of gas with 5 < t_cool / t_ff < 20 and radial entropy profiles similar to observations of local cool-core galaxy cluster cores are a natural outcome of precipitation-regulated feedback. result 0.97 0.90 0.74 asserted 1.00
s5 We conclude with some observational predictions that follow from these models. future work 0.50 0.61 0.04 unclear 0.68
s6 This work focuses primarily on precipitation and AGN feedback in galaxy cluster cores, because that is where the observations of multiphase gas around galaxies are most complete. limitation 0.96 0.42 0.03 asserted 0.99
s7 However, many of the physical principles that govern condensation in those environments apply to circumgalactic gas around galaxies of all masses. interpretation 0.67 0.22 0.07 asserted 0.87

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.50.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v3
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
levels run
  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We provide an analytic framework for interpreting observations of multiphase circumgalactic gas that is heavily informed by recent numerical simulations of thermal instability and precipitation in cool-core galaxy clusters. We start by considering the local conditions required for the formation of multiphase gas via two different modes: (1) uplift of ambient gas by galactic outflows, and (2) condensation in a stratified stationary medium in which thermal balance is explicitly maintained. Analytic exploration of these two modes provides insights into the relationships between the local ratio of the cooling and freefall time scales (i.e., t_cool / t_ff), the large-scale gradient of specific entropy, and development of precipitation and multiphase media in circumgalactic gas. We then use these analytic findings to interpret recent simulations of circumgalactic gas in which global thermal balance is maintained. We show that long-lasting configurations of gas with 5 < t_cool / t_ff < 20 and radial entropy profiles similar to observations of local cool-core galaxy cluster cores are a natural outcome of precipitation-regulated feedback. We conclude with some observational predictions that follow from these models. This work focuses primarily on precipitation and AGN feedback in galaxy cluster cores, because that is where the observations of multiphase gas around galaxies are most complete. However, many of the physical principles that govern condensation in those environments apply to circumgalactic gas around galaxies of all masses.

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References
How later papers used it

120 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 90 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 14 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 14 of the 197 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

Uses its method or tool 1 of 2 papers with this label
Cites it as support 2 of 12 papers with this label · 1 by the same authors

By the same authors

How the literature uses it

17 arXiv papers cite this in 30 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 26 sentences without a confident label

Cites it as support 1 paper
Cites it as background 2 papers

What it cites · 9 sentences without a confident label

Uses data or values from 1 paper
  • The critical value of $min( t_cool / t_ff )$ at which cessation of condensation should happen is hard to calculate from first principles, but simulations of the process indicate that it happens around $min( t_cool / t_ff ) ≈10$ [ref] .

    Triggering and Delivery Algorithms for AGN Feedback · Adiabatic Uplift · 0.90

Cites as background 1 paper

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