Gravitino production in a thermal Universe revisited

Namit Mahajan; Raghavan Rangarajan; Richa Arya

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Gravitino production in a thermal Universe revisited

Richa Arya, Namit Mahajan, Raghavan Rangarajan

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Submitted 11 Aug 2016

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We find that the abundance of gravitinos produced in the early Universe is very high for gravitinos of mass 1 keV and 100 GeV.

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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,991 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.86 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.07 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.97 · compares with prior results 0.13 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

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arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We study the production of spin 1/2 gravitinos in a thermal Universe. Taking into account supersymmetry breaking due to the finite thermal energy density of the Universe, there is a large enhancement in the cross section of production of these gravitino states. We consider gravitinos with zero temperature masses of 0.1 eV, 1 keV, 100 GeV and 30 TeV as representative of gauge mediated, gravity mediated and anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking scenarios. We find that the abundance of gravitinos produced in the early Universe is very high for gravitinos of mass 1 keV and 100 GeV. The gravitino abundances can be sufficiently suppressed if the reheat temperature is less than 100 GeV and $4\cdot 10^4$ gev respectively. However such low reheat temperatures will rule out many models of baryogenesis including those via leptogenesis.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We study the production of spin 1/2 gravitinos in a thermal Universe.	contribution 0.96	0.89	0.03	asserted 0.74
s1	Taking into account supersymmetry breaking due to the finite thermal energy density of the Universe, there is a large enhancement in the cross section of production of these gravitino states.	result 0.77	0.46	0.23	asserted 1.00
s2	We consider gravitinos with zero temperature masses of 0.1 eV, 1 keV, 100 GeV and 30 TeV as representative of gauge mediated, gravity mediated and anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking scenarios.	method 0.67	0.49	0.04	asserted 0.92
s3	We find that the abundance of gravitinos produced in the early Universe is very high for gravitinos of mass 1 keV and 100 GeV.	result 1.00	0.95	0.42	asserted 1.00
s4	The gravitino abundances can be sufficiently suppressed if the reheat temperature is less than 100 GeV and $4\cdot 10^4$ gev respectively.	result 0.99	0.86	0.33	hedged possibility 0.68
s5	However such low reheat temperatures will rule out many models of baryogenesis including those via leptogenesis.	interpretation 0.79	0.49	0.14	asserted 0.82

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.97 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.63.

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arXiv listing abstract v2

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full text
figures and tables
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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

We study the production of spin 1/2 gravitinos in a thermal Universe. Taking into account supersymmetry breaking due to the finite thermal energy density of the Universe, there is a large enhancement in the cross section of production of these gravitino states. We consider gravitinos with zero temperature masses of 0.1 eV, 1 keV, 100 GeV and 30 TeV as representative of gauge mediated, gravity mediated and anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking scenarios. We find that the abundance of gravitinos produced in the early Universe is very high for gravitinos of mass 1 keV and 100 GeV. The gravitino abundances can be sufficiently suppressed if the reheat temperature is less than 100 GeV and $4\cdot 10^4$ gev respectively. However such low reheat temperatures will rule out many models of baryogenesis including those via leptogenesis.

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3 arXiv papers cite this in 3 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 1 sentence without a confident label

Cites it as background 2 papers

In the context of the gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking scenario, a different production mechanism is used [ref] [See also [ref] for various works on gravitino production and DM.].

Gravitino Thermal Production, Dark Matter, and Reheating of the Universe · Introduction · 0.85
A brief list of these include [ref] .

Supergravity Models with 50-100 TeV Scalars, SUSY Discovery at the LHC and Gravitino Decay Constraints · The Gravitino Decay Constraints · 1.00

What it cites · 10 sentences without a confident label

Uses data or values from 2 papers

In order that the abundance lie within the cosmological bound of order $10^-14$ as given in Ref. [ref] , $T_reh$ should be less than $4×10^4$.

Nucleosynthesis Constraints on a Massive Gravitino in Neutralino Dark Matter Scenarios · Out of equilibrium production of gravitinos · 0.92
where $i=1,2,3$ refers to the three gauge groups $U(1)_Y, SU(2)_L$ and $SU(3)_c$ respectively, $g_i(T)$ are the gauge coupling constants (evaluated at the most relevant temperature), and $c_1,2,3=11, 27,72$ and $k_1,2,3=1.266, 1.312, 1.271$ are constants associated with the gauge groups (see Table 1 of Ref. [ref] ).

Constraints on the Reheating Temperature in Gravitino Dark Matter Scenarios · Gravitino production · 0.91

Cites as background 14 papers

Gravitinos are produced in the early Universe either in the radiation dominated Universe after reheating [ref] , or during standard (perturbative) reheating [ref] , by the scattering of thermalised inflaton decay products.

Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and Hadronic Decay of Long-Lived Massive Particles · Introduction · 0.96
Gravitinos are produced in the early Universe either in the radiation dominated Universe after reheating [ref] , or during standard (perturbative) reheating [ref] , by the scattering of thermalised inflaton decay products.

Thermal and Non-Thermal Production of Gravitinos in the Early Universe · Introduction · 0.96
Gravitinos are produced in the early Universe either in the radiation dominated Universe after reheating [ref] , or during standard (perturbative) reheating [ref] , by the scattering of thermalised inflaton decay products.

Perturbative Reheating and Gravitino Production in Inflationary Models · Introduction · 0.96

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