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Confinement in the bulk, deconfinement on the wall: infrared equivalence between compactified QCD and quantum magnets
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In a spontaneously dimerized quantum antiferromagnet, spin-1/2 excitations (spinons) are confined in pairs by strings akin to those confining quarks in non-abelian gauge theories. The system has multiple degenerate ground states (vacua) and domain walls between regions of different vacua. For two vacua, we demonstrate that spinons on a domain wall are liberated, in a mechanism strikingly similar to domain-wall deconfinement of quarks in variants of quantum chromodynamics. This observation not only establishes a novel phenomenon in quantum magnetism, but also provides a new direct link between particle physics and condensed-matter physics. The analogy opens doors to improving our understanding of particle confinement and deconfinement by computational and experimental studies in quantum magnetism.
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Fractionalization of flux tubes in 3d and screening by emergent electric charges in 2d
In charge-n monopole theories on a twisted cylinder, even n gives complete screening with emergent ±2/n charges, while odd n keeps a reduced-tension confining string.
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