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Gauge Invariance beyond the Electric Dipole Approximation

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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Ryoji Anzaki, Yasushi Shinohara, Takeshi Sato, Kenichi L. Ishikawa

Atomic Physics · Submitted 23 Jun 2018

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim The velocity gauge where the vector potential is expanded to the $n$-th order with respect to the spatial coordinate, and the length gauge where the electric and magnetic fields are expanded to the $n$-th and $(n-1)$-th orders, respectively, are mutually gauge-transformed, describing the physically equivalent situation.

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arXiv ID1806.08967 (version 4)
Pith IDXLITT44R, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationKenichi L. Ishikawa, Ryoji Anzaki, Takeshi Sato, Yasushi Shinohara. "Gauge Invariance beyond the Electric Dipole Approximation." arXiv:1806.08967 (2018). https://pith.science/paper/XLITT44R
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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,628 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.09 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.41 · compares with prior results 0.15 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v4. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We study the gauge invariance of laser-matter interaction. The velocity gauge where the vector potential is expanded to the $n$-th order with respect to the spatial coordinate, and the length gauge where the electric and magnetic fields are expanded to the $n$-th and $(n-1)$-th orders, respectively, are mutually gauge-transformed, describing the physically equivalent situation. The latter includes up to the electric $2^{n+1}$-pole and magnetic $2^n$-pole interactions as well as two extra terms. The finding serves to develop consistent nonperturbative simulation methods beyond the electric dipole approximation.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We study the gauge invariance of laser-matter interaction. contribution 0.85 0.89 0.03 asserted 0.53
s1 The velocity gauge where the vector potential is expanded to the $n$-th order with respect to the spatial coordinate, and the length gauge where the electric and magnetic fields are expanded to the $n$-th and $(n-1)$-th orders, respectively, are mutually gauge-transformed, describing the physically equivalent situation. result 0.80 0.56 0.43 asserted 1.00
s2 The latter includes up to the electric $2^{n+1}$-pole and magnetic $2^n$-pole interactions as well as two extra terms. result 0.96 0.76 0.25 asserted 1.00
s3 The finding serves to develop consistent nonperturbative simulation methods beyond the electric dipole approximation. interpretation 0.90 0.53 0.32 asserted 0.93

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.99 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.97.

What was examined, and what was not

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  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
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  • P abstract
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  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We study the gauge invariance of laser-matter interaction. The velocity gauge where the vector potential is expanded to the $n$-th order with respect to the spatial coordinate, and the length gauge where the electric and magnetic fields are expanded to the $n$-th and $(n-1)$-th orders, respectively, are mutually gauge-transformed, describing the physically equivalent situation. The latter includes up to the electric $2^{n+1}$-pole and magnetic $2^n$-pole interactions as well as two extra terms. The finding serves to develop consistent nonperturbative simulation methods beyond the electric dipole approximation.

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