Constraints on the diffuse photon flux with energies above 10¹⁸ eV using the surface detector of the Telescope Array experiment

Telescope Array Collaboration , R.U. Abbasi , M. Abe , T. Abu-Zayyad , M. Allen , R. Azuma , E. Barcikowski , J.W. Belz

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D.R. Bergman S.A. Blake R. Cady B.G. Cheon J. Chiba M. Chikawa A. Di Matteo T. Fujii K. Fujita M. Fukushima G. Furlich T. Goto W. Hanlon M. Hayashi Y. Hayashi N. Hayashida K. Hibino K. Honda D. Ikeda N. Inoue T. Ishii R. Ishimori H. Ito D. Ivanov H.M. Jeong S. Jeong C.C.H. Jui K. Kadota F. Kakimoto O. Kalashev K. Kasahara H. Kawai S. Kawakami S. Kawana K. Kawata E. Kido H.B. Kim J.H. Kim S. Kishigami S. Kitamura Y. Kitamura V. Kuzmin M. Kuznetsov Y.J. Kwon K.H. Lee B. Lubsandorzhiev J.P. Lundquist K. Machida K. Martens T. Matsuyama J.N. Matthews R. Mayta M. Minamino K. Mukai I. Myers K. Nagasawa S. Nagataki R. Nakamura T. Nakamura T. Nonaka H. Oda S. Ogio J. Ogura M. Ohnishi H. Ohoka T. Okuda Y. Omura M. Ono R. Onogi A. Oshima S. Ozawa I.H. Park M.S. Piskunov M.S. Pshirkov J. Remington D.C. Rodriguez G. Rubtsov D. Ryu H. Sagawa R. Sahara K. Saito Y. Saito N. Sakaki N. Sakurai L.M. Scott T. Seki K. Sekino P.D. Shah F. Shibata T. Shibata H. Shimodaira B.K. Shin H.S. Shin J.D. Smith P. Sokolsky B.T. Stokes S.R. Stratton T.A. Stroman T. Suzawa Y. Takagi Y. Takahashi M. Takamura M. Takeda R. Takeishi A. Taketa M. Takita Y. Tameda H. Tanaka K. Tanaka M. Tanaka S.B. Thomas G.B. Thomson P. Tinyakov I. Tkachev H. Tokuno T. Tomida S. Troitsky Y. Tsunesada K. Tsutsumi Y. Uchihori S. Udo F. Urban T. Wong M. Yamamoto R. Yamane H. Yamaoka K. Yamazaki J. Yang K. Yashiro Y. Yoneda S. Yoshida H. Yoshii Y. Zhezher Z. Zundel

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classification 🌌 astro-ph.HE hep-exhep-ph

keywords mboxparametersshowerarraydetectordiffuseenergiesflux

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We present the results of the search for ultra-high-energy photons with nine years of data from the Telescope Array surface detector. A multivariate classifier is built upon 16 reconstructed parameters of the extensive air shower. These parameters are related to the curvature and the width of the shower front, the steepness of the lateral distribution function, and the timing parameters of the waveforms sensitive to the shower muon content. A total number of two photon candidates found in the search is fully compatible with the expected background. The $95\%\,$CL limits on the diffuse flux of the photons with energies greater than $10^{18.0}$, $10^{18.5}$, $10^{19.0}$, $10^{19.5}$ and $10^{20.0}$ eV are set at the level of $0.067$, $0.012$, $0.0036$, $0.0013$, $0.0013~\mbox{km}^{-2}\mbox{yr}^{-1}\mbox{sr}^{-1}$ correspondingly.

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Searching for EeV photons with Telescope Array Surface Detector and neural networks
astro-ph.GA 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 5.0

Telescope Array reports upper limits on EeV photon flux of <2.3e-3 above 10^19 eV and <3.0e-4 above 10^20 eV using a neural network classifier fine-tuned on experimental data.