Overheated Topological Hall Effect

The topological Hall effect (THE) originates from the real-space Berry phase that an electron gains when its spin follows the spatially varying non-trivial magnetization textures, such as skyrmions. Such topologically protected magnetization textures can provide great potential for information storage and processing. Since directly imaging the skyrmions or detecting the magnetic diffraction of skyrmion lattice are significantly more challenging than conducting Hall measurements, THE has been widely used to attest the presence of skyrmions. However, the key feature of THE, namely the bump/dip in the Hall signal is not sufficient proof of THE. Here, we use empirical numerical modeling to demonstrate all possible THE-like signals that two anomalous Hall effect (AHE) signals with opposite signs can superpose. Besides the reproduction of many published results by the numerical model, we propose an exotic {\lq THE\rq} could, in principle, emerge with finely tuned two-channel AHE. The importance of the scrupulous re-examination of the THE observed in experiments cannot be exaggerated.