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Luminosity Ratio between [O IV] 25.89 um Line and Nuclear Continuum 12 um as Diagnostic for "Buried" AGN

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Satoshi Yamada, Yoshihiro Ueda, Atsushi Tanimoto, Taiki Kawamuro, Masatoshi Imanishi, Yoshiki Toba

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Submitted 1 Apr 2019

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim This suggests that this ratio is a good indicator for identifying buried AGNs.

how it is stated · hedged possibility 0.99 read the record →

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arXiv ID1904.01065 (version 1)
Pith ID5R2RHEYI, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationAtsushi Tanimoto, Masatoshi Imanishi, Satoshi Yamada, Taiki Kawamuro, Yoshihiro Ueda, Yoshiki Toba. "Luminosity Ratio between [O IV] 25.89 um Line and Nuclear Continuum 12 um as Diagnostic for "Buried" AGN." arXiv:1904.01065 (2019). https://pith.science/paper/5R2RHEYI
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The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 5,117 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.12 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.83 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.96 · compares with prior results 0.77 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We propose new diagnostics that utilize the [O IV] 25.89 $\mu$m and nuclear (subarcsecond scale) 12 $\mu$m luminosity ratio for identifying whether an AGN is deeply `buried' in their surrounding material. Utilizing a sample of 16 absorbed AGNs at redshifts lower than 0.03 in the Swift/BAT catalog observed with Suzaku, we find that AGNs with small scattering fractions ($<$0.5%) tend to show weaker [O IV]-to-12 $\mu$m luminosity ratios than the average of Seyfert 2 galaxies. This suggests that this ratio is a good indicator for identifying buried AGNs. Then, we apply this criterion to 23 local ultra/luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) in various merger stages hosting AGNs. We find that AGNs in most of mid- to late-stage mergers are buried, while those in earlier stage ones (including non-merger) are not. This result suggests that the fraction of buried AGNs in U/LIRGs increases as the galaxy-galaxy interaction becomes more significant.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We propose new diagnostics that utilize the [O IV] 25.89 $\mu$m and nuclear (subarcsecond scale) 12 $\mu$m luminosity ratio for identifying whether an AGN is deeply `buried' in their surrounding material. contribution 1.00 0.78 0.13 asserted 0.69
s1 Utilizing a sample of 16 absorbed AGNs at redshifts lower than 0.03 in the Swift/BAT catalog observed with Suzaku, we find that AGNs with small scattering fractions ($<$0.5%) tend to show weaker [O IV]-to-12 $\mu$m luminosity ratios than the average of Seyfert 2 galaxies. result 0.97 0.96 0.12 asserted 1.00
s2 This suggests that this ratio is a good indicator for identifying buried AGNs. interpretation 1.00 0.51 0.55 hedged possibility 0.99
s3 Then, we apply this criterion to 23 local ultra/luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) in various merger stages hosting AGNs. method 0.57 0.95 0.03 asserted 0.82
s4 We find that AGNs in most of mid- to late-stage mergers are buried, while those in earlier stage ones (including non-merger) are not. result 1.00 0.96 0.21 asserted 1.00
s5 This result suggests that the fraction of buried AGNs in U/LIRGs increases as the galaxy-galaxy interaction becomes more significant. interpretation 0.99 0.88 0.33 hedged possibility 0.99

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: method or tool 0.54 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.83.

What was examined, and what was not

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  • references and citing sentences
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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We propose new diagnostics that utilize the [O IV] 25.89 $\mu$m and nuclear (subarcsecond scale) 12 $\mu$m luminosity ratio for identifying whether an AGN is deeply `buried' in their surrounding material. Utilizing a sample of 16 absorbed AGNs at redshifts lower than 0.03 in the Swift/BAT catalog observed with Suzaku, we find that AGNs with small scattering fractions ($<$0.5%) tend to show weaker [O IV]-to-12 $\mu$m luminosity ratios than the average of Seyfert 2 galaxies. This suggests that this ratio is a good indicator for identifying buried AGNs. Then, we apply this criterion to 23 local ultra/luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) in various merger stages hosting AGNs. We find that AGNs in most of mid- to late-stage mergers are buried, while those in earlier stage ones (including non-merger) are not. This result suggests that the fraction of buried AGNs in U/LIRGs increases as the galaxy-galaxy interaction becomes more significant.

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