Characterization of 0.18{μ}m CMOS Ring Oscillator at Liquid Helium Temperature

This paper presents low power dissipation, low phase noise ring oscillators (ROs) based on Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) 0.18{\mu}m CMOS technology at liquid helium temperature (LHT). First, the characterization and modelling of CMOS at LHT are presented. The temperature-dependent device parameters are revised and the model then shows good agreement with the measurement results. The ring oscillator is then designed with energy efficiency optimization by application of forward body biasing (FBB). FBB is proposed to compensate for the threshold voltage (VTH) shift to preserve the benefits of the enhancement of the carrier mobility at 4.2K. The delay per stage ({\tau}p), the static current (ISTAT), the dynamic current (IDYN), the power dissipation (P) and the phase noise (L(foff)) are analyzed at both 298 K and 4.2 K, with and without FBB. The performance of the designed RO in terms of speed ({\tau}p=179ps), static current (23.55nA/stage), power dissipation (2.13{\mu}W) and phase noise (-177.57dBc/Hz@1MHz) can be achieved at 4.2K with the supply voltage (VDD) reduced to 0.9V.