Music Performance Analysis: A Survey

Alexander Lerch; Ashis Pati; Claire Arthur; Siddharth Gururani

arxiv: 1907.00178 · v1 · pith:UGTKK5B4new · submitted 2019-06-29 · 💻 cs.IR · cs.MM

Music Performance Analysis: A Survey

Alexander Lerch , Claire Arthur , Ashis Pati , Siddharth Gururani This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-25 13:07 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💻 cs.IR cs.MM

keywords music performance analysismusic information retrievalsurveyaudio analysislistener perceptionmusical performanceMIRperformance characteristics

0 comments

The pith

Different performances of the same song reveal properties that affect listener perception, yet music performance analysis has remained peripheral in MIR research.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This survey reviews the field of Music Performance Analysis from multiple perspectives to establish its relevance within Music Information Retrieval. MIR commonly treats one recording as representative of a song, but the paper argues that performance-specific traits differ from abstract scores or musical ideas and can shape how listeners perceive the music. The work discusses the significance of these distinctions and identifies opportunities for future research that would incorporate performance characteristics more centrally into MIR methods.

Core claim

The paper surveys the field of Music Performance Analysis (MPA) from various perspectives, discusses its significance to the field of MIR, and points out opportunities for future research in this field, noting that the characteristics of the recorded performance—as opposed to the score or musical idea—can have a major impact on how a listener perceives music while MPA has traditionally been only a peripheral topic.

What carries the argument

The survey's review framework that aggregates MPA literature across perspectives while maintaining the distinction between recorded performance traits and abstract representations such as scores.

If this is right

MIR models that rely on single recordings as song proxies would under-represent perceptual variation if performance traits are ignored.
Future MIR systems could analyze audio signals for performance-specific features rather than treating recordings as interchangeable.
Opportunities exist to develop methods that treat multiple performances of the same piece as distinct objects of study.
MPA integration could expand MIR beyond score-based or abstract representations to include listener-relevant performance details.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

Accounting for performance variation could lead to MIR applications such as recommendation engines that differentiate interpretive styles across recordings of the same work.
New annotated datasets capturing multiple performances of identical pieces would be a natural next step to enable the suggested research.
Links between MPA findings and perceptual experiments in music psychology could be explored to test whether performance traits correlate with measurable listener responses.

Load-bearing premise

The body of existing MPA literature reviewed is representative enough to support claims about the field's overall status and future opportunities.

What would settle it

A systematic count of MIR papers from the past ten years that shows MPA topics appearing as a central focus in the majority of publications rather than remaining peripheral.

read the original abstract

Music Information Retrieval (MIR) tends to focus on the analysis of audio signals. Often, a single music recording is used as representative of a "song" even though different performances of the same song may reveal different properties. A performance is distinct in many ways from a (arguably more abstract) representation of a "song," "piece," or musical score. The characteristics of the (recorded) performance -- as opposed to the score or musical idea -- can have a major impact on how a listener perceives music. The analysis of music performance, however, has been traditionally only a peripheral topic for the MIR research community. This paper surveys the field of Music Performance Analysis (MPA) from various perspectives, discusses its significance to the field of MIR, and points out opportunities for future research in this field.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

This survey organizes MPA literature and flags its relevance to MIR but leaves its own literature selection process undescribed, weakening claims about the field's peripheral status.

read the letter

This survey pulls together existing work on music performance analysis and argues that performance traits matter more for perception than the score alone. The core point is that MIR has treated MPA as peripheral and that this should change. It does a reasonable job of mapping different angles—audio features, expressive timing, perceptual effects—and listing open questions for future work. That structure can save someone new to the area time when hunting for references. No new equations or experiments appear, which is expected for a survey. The paper earns credit for keeping the distinction between recorded performance and abstract score explicit throughout. The main soft spot is the missing account of how the reviewed papers were chosen. The abstract gives no databases, keywords, date range, or inclusion rules, so the assertion that MPA has stayed peripheral rests on an unverified sample. If the full text adds a clear methods section, that issue shrinks; otherwise the status and opportunity claims stay harder to trust. Minor gaps like that are common in early surveys but matter here because the argument depends on representativeness. This paper suits readers already working in MIR who want a quick map of performance-related papers or who are considering adding expressive features to their models. It is less useful for specialists already deep in MPA. The work shows clear engagement with the literature and no internal contradictions, so it deserves a serious referee who can check coverage and ask for explicit selection criteria. I would send it out for review rather than desk reject.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The paper claims that MIR typically analyzes single audio recordings as representative of songs, but performance characteristics (distinct from scores or musical ideas) substantially affect listener perception; it asserts that MPA has traditionally been peripheral in MIR, surveys the field from various perspectives, discusses its significance to MIR, and identifies future research opportunities.

Significance. A representative survey could be significant for MIR by synthesizing MPA literature and directing attention to performance aspects that are currently under-emphasized, thereby supporting more perceptually grounded research if the reviewed body of work accurately reflects the field's status.

major comments (1)

Abstract: the assertion that 'the analysis of music performance... has been traditionally only a peripheral topic for the MIR research community' rests on an unstated selection of literature; no search methodology, databases, keywords, time bounds, or inclusion criteria are provided, so the peripheral-status claim and the derived future-opportunity conclusions cannot be verified as representative.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive feedback on our survey. We address the major comment below.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [—] Abstract: the assertion that 'the analysis of music performance... has been traditionally only a peripheral topic for the MIR research community' rests on an unstated selection of literature; no search methodology, databases, keywords, time bounds, or inclusion criteria are provided, so the peripheral-status claim and the derived future-opportunity conclusions cannot be verified as representative.

Authors: We agree that the abstract states the claim concisely without an explicit description of literature selection. The survey itself is a narrative review drawing on the authors' knowledge of MIR venues and the MPA literature reviewed in the paper, which illustrates the relative emphasis on other topics. To address the concern, we will add a short paragraph in the introduction outlining the survey scope, perspectives covered, and general inclusion approach. The abstract will be revised to reference this addition. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: survey contains no derivations, predictions, or self-referential reductions

full rationale

This paper is a literature survey on Music Performance Analysis with no equations, fitted parameters, predictive models, or derivation chains. Its claims about MPA being peripheral in MIR rest on reviewed literature rather than any self-definitional, fitted-input, or self-citation load-bearing steps that reduce to the paper's own inputs by construction. No instances of the enumerated circularity patterns exist, and the work is self-contained as a descriptive review without mathematical claims that could be circular.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

This is a survey paper; no new parameters, axioms, or entities are introduced beyond standard assumptions of literature review completeness.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5665 in / 914 out tokens · 19461 ms · 2026-05-25T13:07:43.898032+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

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Expressive and improvisational music performances show distinct acoustic features, stronger emotional responses from listeners, and greater relaxation in performers according to neurophysiological data.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

124 extracted references · 124 canonical work pages · cited by 1 Pith paper · 1 internal anchor

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Music Performance Analysis: A Survey

INTRODUCTION Music, as a performing art, requires a performer or group of performers to render a musical score into an acoustic realization [38]. This is also true for non-classical music: for example, the ‘score’ might be a lead sheet or only a structured sequence of musical ideas, a ‘performer’ could also be a computer rendering audio, and the acoustic ...

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PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT A large body of work focuses on a descriptive approach to analyzing performance recordings. Such studies typically extract characteristics such as the tempo curve [69, 75, 77] or loudness curve [82, 90] from the audio and aim at either gaining general knowledge on performances or comparing attributes between different performances/...

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LISTENER Every performance will ultimately be received and pro- cessed by a listener. The listener’s meaningful interpreta- tion of the incoming musical information relies on a so- phisticated network of parameters. These include not only external, or semi-objective parameters such as score or performance-based features, but also “internal” ones such as t...

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While this is tech- nically a subset of listener-focused MPA, its importance to MPA research and music education warrants a tailored review of research in this area

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PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT A large body of work focuses on a descriptive approach to analyzing performance recordings. Such studies typically extract characteristics such as the tempo curve [69, 75, 77] or loudness curve [82, 90] from the audio and aim at either gaining general knowledge on performances or comparing attributes between different performances/...

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LISTENER Every performance will ultimately be received and pro- cessed by a listener. The listener’s meaningful interpreta- tion of the incoming musical information relies on a so- phisticated network of parameters. These include not only external, or semi-objective parameters such as score or performance-based features, but also “internal” ones such as t...

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