Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 5 minor 31 references

Fundamental Crystal Field Excitations in Magnetic Semiconductor SnO$_2$:Mn,Fe,Co,Ni

T0 review · 4 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-14 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read Resonant x-ray spectra of Mn-, Fe-, Co-, and Ni-doped SnO2 assign every main spectral feature to a crystal-field excitation and place charge-compensating oxygen vacancies beyond the nearest-neighbor shell.

desk verdict Useful RIXS reference data for TM-doped SnO2, but the vacancy-placement claim is overgeneralized and internally contradicted by the paper's own cobalt fit. read the letter →

arxiv 1908.02623 v1 pith:BIKXLGL7 submitted 2019-08-07 cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el

B. Leedahl , D. J. McCloskey , D. W. Boukhvalov , I. S. Zhidkov , A. I. Kukharenko , E. Z. Kurmaev , S. O. Cholakh , N. V. Gavrilov
show 2 more authors
V. I. Brinzari A. Moewes
This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.str-el
keywords resonantinelasticx-rayscatteringcrystalfieldmultiplettheoryoxygenvacanciesdilutemagneticsemiconductorsSnO2transition-metaldopingTanabe-Suganodiagramsabsorptionspectroscopy
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper combines resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS), x-ray absorption, and crystal-field multiplet calculations to identify the microscopic origin of every major spectral feature in Mn-, Fe-, Co-, and Ni-doped SnO2. The central claim is that the dopants sit substitutionally at Sn sites in near-octahedral coordination, and that the oxygen vacancies required for charge compensation do not occupy nearest-neighbor sites to the metal atoms, instead lying at least two coordination spheres away. If true, this directly constrains which vacancy-mediated exchange mechanisms can produce the room-temperature ferromagnetism reported in this material family, and it gives a transferable recipe for reading local coordination out of RIXS lineshapes. The paper's own cobalt data complicate the blanket statement: a small tetragonal distortion is needed to fit Co, which the authors interpret as evidence that vacancies sit closer to Co and may in some fraction be nearest-neighbor.

What carries the argument

The machinery is a crystal-field multiplet model that computes XAS and RIXS spectra from the full multiplet structure of dN configurations, including intra-atomic Coulomb and exchange interactions, 2p and 3d spin-orbit coupling, and crystal-field splitting. State energies are displayed as rotated Tanabe-Sugano diagrams: as 10Dq increases, each term symbol branches off, and the value of 10Dq where the broadened calculated spectrum matches experiment identifies the crystal field of the dopant site. The oxygen-vacancy argument adds a Madelung-potential estimate of how a missing nearest-neighbor oxygen changes the parameter ratios, producing Dq:Ds:Dt = 1.00:0.44:0.03 and blue XAS spectra that the authors compare against the measured data.

What would settle it

A direct calculation of the XAS/RIXS spectrum for a vacancy placed in the second coordination sphere would settle the 'at least two spheres' claim: if that spectrum matches the data as well as the no-vacancy pink curves, the claim holds, while a mismatch as strong as the nearest-neighbor blue curves would falsify it. A complementary experiment would be dopant-selective EXAFS or STEM-EELS to image the oxygen shell occupancy around individual dopant atoms.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper's central claim is that resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra of Mn-, Fe-, Co-, and Ni-doped SnO2 can be reproduced by crystal-field multiplet calculations in which each feature is assigned to a specific dd excitation labeled by term symbols, and that the extracted crystal-field parameters describe how each dopant sits in the host. Mn is entirely Mn2+ with 10Dq = 0.65 eV; Fe appears as a mix of Fe2+ and Fe3+ with 10Dq = 1.0 eV and 1.5 eV; Co is Co2+ with 10Dq = 1.8 eV but requires small lower-symmetry parameters Ds = -0.03 eV and Dt = 0.03 eV, indicating a measurable distortion; Ni is Ni2+ with 10Dq = 1.55 eV, larger than in NiO. Because the near-octahedral fits for Mn, Fe, and Ni need Ds = Dt = 0, the paper concludes their local coordination is essentially undistorted, and therefore the oxygen vacancies needed for charge compensation are not nearest neighbors to these dopants; a Madelung calculation gives a parameter ratio Dq:Ds:Dt = 1.00:0.44:0.03 for a nearest-neighbor vacancy, and the resulting spectra (blue curves) disagree with experiment. For Co, the nonzero Ds and Dt are read as evidence that vacancies sit closer to cobalt and may, in a significant fraction, be nearest neighbor, which qualifies the abstract's blanket statement.

Load-bearing premise

The vacancy conclusion rests on two linked assumptions: that the Madelung-derived parameter ratio Dq:Ds:Dt = 1.00:0.44:0.03 faithfully represents a dopant with an adjacent oxygen vacancy, and that the clear visual mismatch between the resulting blue spectra and the measured data is sufficient to rule out any meaningful fraction of such configurations—a claim the paper does not quantify, and the 'at least two coordination spheres beyond' step is never tested by a second-sphere calculation.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Every RIXS peak in these doped films can be traced to a specific d-electron configuration and term symbol, so the method turns RIXS into a quantitative local-structure probe for dilute transition-metal dopants.
  • For Mn, Fe, and Ni, exchange models that require a dopant-oxygen-vacancy pair as the magnetic building block are ruled out; any vacancy-mediated coupling must act over at least two coordination spheres.
  • The extracted 10Dq values (Mn2+ 0.65 eV, Fe2+ 1.0 eV, Fe3+ 1.5 eV, Co2+ 1.8 eV, Ni2+ 1.55 eV) become benchmark fingerprints for these dopants in SnO2 and for comparison with other oxide hosts.
  • The larger 10Dq for Ni in SnO2 relative to NiO points to stronger covalency and orbital overlap at the shorter Sn-O bond length, so the host lattice imposes measurable electronic changes on the dopant.
  • The cobalt distortion shows the vacancy picture is dopant-specific: identifying an exception within the same family indicates the method can resolve when the simple octahedral picture breaks down.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The paper never calculates a spectrum for a vacancy in the second coordination sphere, so 'at least two spheres beyond' is extrapolated from the failure of the nearest-neighbor calculation; a direct calculation at that distance would be the cleanest test of the claim.
  • The same peak-assignment recipe could be applied to other dilute magnetic oxides (TiO2, ZnO, In2O3) where the distance between dopants and charge-compensating defects is debated, giving an experimental proxy for vacancy geometry.
  • If charge-compensating vacancies are systematically far from the dopants in these films, the commonly invoked bound-magnetic-polaron picture, which relies on dopant-vacancy pairs, would need to lean instead on longer-range or carrier-mediated couplings; the paper gestures at this but does not test it.
  • The interpretation of Ds=Dt=0 as 'no nearby vacancy' assumes the octahedral baseline is exact and that no cancellation of distortions occurs; a symmetric arrangement of several vacancies or counteracting distortions could also produce near-zero low-symmetry parameters.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 5 minor

Summary. This manuscript reports a crystal-field multiplet analysis of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data for Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni implanted into SnO2 films. The authors use Quanty calculations with full multiplet theory to extract 10Dq values, Slater integral reduction factors, and (for Co) lower-symmetry crystal-field parameters Ds and Dt. They assign the RIXS features to specific d-d excitations labelled by term symbols, verify Hund's rules in a crystal-field context, and determine oxidation states (Mn2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+). The paper's central claim, stated in the abstract and conclusions, is that oxygen vacancies in these films 'must not occur at nearest neighbour sites to metal atoms, but instead must reside at least two coordination spheres beyond.' This claim is supported by a Madelung-derived model of a nearest-neighbour oxygen vacancy, whose calculated XAS spectra (shown in blue) are visually judged to disagree with experiment, in contrast to the pink spectra that reproduce the data.

Significance. If the central claim holds, the paper provides a clear method for connecting RIXS peak structure to elementary crystal-field excitations in doped oxides, and it would constrain the local vacancy environment of transition-metal dopants in SnO2, with implications for proposed vacancy-mediated ferromagnetism mechanisms. The study is strengthened by careful sample preparation, multi-technique consistency checks (XPS, TEY/PFY XAS, RIXS at two beamlines), and the explicit reporting of fitted parameters (10Dq, Slater reductions, Ds, Dt), which facilitates reproducibility. The Tanabe-Sugano-style presentation in Figure 3 and the assignment of term symbols to individual spectral features are pedagogically valuable and could be useful to the broader spectroscopy community. However, the quantitative support for the vacancy-placement conclusion is currently incomplete: only a nearest-neighbour vacancy model is calculated, the comparison is visual rather than metric-based, and the paper's own cobalt analysis appears to contradict the universal form of the claim.

major comments (4)
  1. [Cobalt section and Discussion of Oxygen Vacancies] The universal statement in the abstract and Conclusions that oxygen vacancies 'must reside at least two coordination spheres beyond' the metal atoms is contradicted by the paper's own cobalt analysis, which concludes from non-zero Ds = -0.03 eV and Dt = 0.03 eV that 'it is likely that in some significant fraction the oxygen vacancies are nearest neighbours to the Co atoms.' If cobalt is included among the 'metal atoms', the universal exclusion is false; if it is excluded, the manuscript should explicitly state that the claim applies only to Mn, Fe, and Ni and provide a physical reason for the difference.
  2. [Abstract and Conclusions] The specific distance bound 'at least two coordination spheres beyond' is never tested. The only counterfactual calculated is a nearest-neighbour-vacancy model with Madelung-derived Dq:Ds:Dt = 1.00:0.44:0.03, shown as blue XAS curves in Figure 2(a,c,e,g). No calculation with a vacancy at the second coordination sphere is presented, so rejecting the nearest-neighbour configuration cannot establish the two-sphere bound. Please either add calculations for second- and third-sphere vacancy configurations or soften the claim to 'not nearest neighbours'.
  3. [Discussion of Oxygen Vacancies and Figure 2] The exclusion of nearest-neighbour vacancies rests on a visual judgment that the blue spectra show 'very poor agreement' with experiment. No quantitative residual, goodness-of-fit metric, or parameter uncertainty is reported, and the pink (accepted) spectra share fitted parameters (10Dq, Slater reductions, Ds/Dt) with the experimental data, so the agreement is partly guaranteed by construction. A quantitative comparison is needed, for example best-fit residuals for the vacancy model when its Dq, Ds, and Dt are optimized, or confidence intervals on the extracted parameters, to rule out meaningful fractions of nearest-neighbour vacancy configurations.
  4. [Cobalt section and Discussion of Oxygen Vacancies] The conclusion that Ds = Dt = 0 for Mn, Fe, and Ni indicates an undistorted octahedral environment and hence no nearby vacancy assumes that a vacancy-induced distortion cannot be cancelled or masked by other local distortions or by the fitted 10Dq and Slater reduction factors. This structural assumption is load-bearing for the vacancy-position claim and should be justified, for example by showing the sensitivity of the calculated XAS/RIXS to Ds/Dt values comparable to those of the Co fit.
minor comments (5)
  1. [Discussion of Oxygen Vacancies] There is a typo in the opening sentence: 'this disussion applies to all dopants herein' should be 'this discussion applies to all dopants herein'.
  2. [Figure 2 caption] The caption text lists panels '(a), (c), (g), and (e)' while the body text describes panels in the order (a), (c), (e), (g); please make the panel ordering consistent.
  3. [Introduction and Discussion] Several citation placeholders appear as '?' in the text (for example, in the Introduction and in the Discussion of Oxygen Vacancies), and some references are incomplete; the final manuscript should fill these in.
  4. [Cobalt section] The statement that for Co2+ the 10Dq value can 'roughly be extracted from the energy separation between the first dd excitations and the elastically scattered photons' is unclear; please specify which features in Figure 2 or 3 are used for this estimate.
  5. [End matter] The item 'Figure 5: Table of Contents graphic' appears after the references without a description; if this is intended for a graphical abstract, it should be formatted as such, otherwise it should be removed or described.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the crystal-field assignments are standard fits, and the vacancy-placement conclusion is tested with an independent Madelung-derived counterfactual rather than a refit of the target data.

full rationale

The derivation chain is: measure XAS/RIXS; fit 10Dq and Slater reductions in Quanty to match the measured spectra; assign term symbols to the fitted model; then compute an XAS counterfactual for a nearest-neighbour oxygen vacancy using a Madelung-derived parameter ratio Dq:Ds:Dt = 1.00:0.44:0.03, observe 'very poor agreement' with experiment, and conclude that NN vacancies are absent. Steps (ii)-(iii) are spectral fitting and interpretation, not a concealed prediction: the paper explicitly says it 'matched the experimental spectra to the broadened calculations to ensure that we can extract meaningful parameters,' and it does not claim the 10Dq/Slater values were derived independently. Step (iv) is not circular because the blue spectra are not fitted to the experimental XAS; they are generated from the independently computed Madelung ratio, so the disagreement is a genuine empirical test. The self-citations (e.g., ref. 27 for the statement that NN vacancies would 'heavily distort' spectra) are not load-bearing, because the decisive blue-calculation evidence appears in this paper. Two correctness concerns are noted but are not circularity: the 'at least two coordination spheres beyond' bound is never directly calculated (no second-sphere vacancy spectrum is shown), and the Co section's conclusion that 'it is likely that in some significant fraction the oxygen vacancies are nearest neighbours to the Co atoms' contradicts the abstract's universal NN-exclusion statement. Those are evidentiary and consistency problems rather than input-output equivalences, so they do not raise the circularity score.

Assumptions & free parameters 8 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The paper's central claims rest on eight fitted quantities (five 10Dq values, five Slater-integral scaling factors, two lower-symmetry crystal field parameters for Co, and two Fe oxide blend ratios) plus five domain assumptions of the crystal field multiplet framework. The vacancy-position claim adds a Madelung-derived parameter ratio as its only independent handle. No new entities are postulated: the blue vacancy spectra are hypothetical calculations, not physical objects.

free parameters (8)
  • 10Dq (Mn2+) = 0.65 eV
    Crystal field splitting fitted so the Quanty calculation matches the Mn RIXS/XAS spectra (Figure 2a,b).
  • 10Dq (Fe2+) = 1.0 eV
    Fitted for the Fe2+ component of the Fe RIXS spectra.
  • 10Dq (Fe3+) = 1.5 eV
    Fitted for the Fe3+ component of the Fe RIXS spectra.
  • 10Dq (Co2+) = 1.8 eV
    Fitted for Co RIXS; the text says the value is 'roughly' extracted from the ground-state dd excitation separation.
  • 10Dq (Ni2+) = 1.55 eV
    Fitted for Ni; contrasted with the generally cited 1.05 eV for NiO.
  • Slater integral reduction factors = 70% Mn, 70% Fe2+, 50% Fe3+, 67% Co, 50% Ni of Hartree-Fock values
    Ad hoc scaling to account for covalency and charge-transfer not explicitly in the crystal field model; each factor is chosen to improve the fit.
  • Ds, Dt for Co2+ = -0.03 eV, 0.03 eV
    Non-zero lower-symmetry parameters fitted for Co; their non-zero values drive the claim that Co sees a measurable distortion.
  • Fe2+/Fe3+ blend ratios = 40% FeO/60% Fe2O3 (PFY); 25% FeO/75% Fe2O3 (TEY)
    Linear combination of oxide standard spectra fitted to the Fe-doped SnO2 spectra to determine the oxidation state ratio.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption Crystal field multiplet theory as implemented in Quanty adequately describes L2,3-edge XAS and dd RIXS for these 3d dopants, including 2p-3d and 3d-3d Coulomb interactions and spin-orbit coupling.
    Invoked in 'Experimental and Calculation Details'; the whole analysis depends on this model producing the right line shapes and energies. The paper itself notes charge-transfer excitations are 'unaccounted for in crystal field theory'.
  • domain assumption The Madelung potential calculation correctly predicts the crystal field parameter ratio Dq:Ds:Dt = 1.00:0.44:0.03 for a metal with a nearest-neighbour oxygen vacancy, so the blue spectra are a faithful fingerprint of that configuration.
    Used in 'Discussion of Oxygen Vacancies' to generate the blue spectra whose mismatch is taken to rule out nearest-neighbour vacancies.
  • domain assumption The dopants substitute for Sn in (near-)octahedral sites, so an octahedral crystal field model with all parameters except 10Dq, Ds, Dt equal to zero is the correct baseline.
    Stated in 'Discussion of Oxygen Vacancies' ('the local coordination of the dopant atoms (in all cases except cobalt) remains very nearly octahedral'); the vacancy conclusion depends on the baseline geometry being right.
  • domain assumption Scaling Slater integrals to 50-70% of Hartree-Fock values adequately captures covalency and configuration interaction (e.g., d5 and d6L) without explicit charge-transfer states.
    Invoked in the Manganese section; all five fits rely on this compensation.
  • domain assumption A linear combination of FeO and Fe2O3 standard spectra determines the Fe oxidation-state ratio in SnO2:Fe.
    Used in the Iron section to assign 60/40 and 75/25 Fe2O3/FeO ratios; the Fe spectral interpretation depends on this decomposition.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Fundamental Crystal Field Excitations in Magnetic Semiconductor SnO$_2$:Mn,Fe,Co,Ni." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/BIKXLGL7

@misc{pith2026190802623,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Fundamental Crystal Field Excitations in Magnetic Semiconductor SnO$_2$:Mn,Fe,Co,Ni},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/BIKXLGL7}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:1908.02623}
}
abstract

Directly measuring elementary electronic excitations in dopant $3d$ metals is essential to understanding how they function as part of their host material. Through calculated crystal field splittings of the $3d$ electron band it is shown how transition metals Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni are incorporated into SnO$_2$. The crystal field splittings are compared to resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments, which measure precisely these elementary $dd$ excitations. The origin of spectral features can be determined and identified via this comparison, leading to an increased understanding of how such dopant metals situate themselves in, and modify the host's electronic and magnetic properties; and also how each element differs when incorporated into other semiconducting materials. We found that oxygen vacancy formation must not occur at nearest neighbour sites to metal atoms, but instead must reside at least two coordination spheres beyond. The coordination of the dopants within the host can then be explicitly related to the $d$-electron configurations and energies. This approach facilitates an understanding of the essential link between local crystal coordination and electronic/magnetic properties.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1908.02623 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Surface sensitive XPS survey spectra of 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. The four quadrants of the figure show RIXS and XAS spectra for each Mn, Fe, Co, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. The binding energies of metal 2p electrons measured with XPS can be used to determine the oxidation states present near the surfaces, and well as their approximate proportions. In all cases except iron (3+), 2+ metal ions dominate the surface states. Conclusions Understanding RIXS lineshapes is a powerful tool for understanding a material’s basic prop￾erties. Given that there is no value to a spectrum unless some in… view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (1 more)
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Table of Contents graphic 23 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_5.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

31 extracted references · 31 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Highly Transparent Tin Oxide Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering and Its Liquid Crystal Display Application

    Kim, J.-Y.; Kim, E.-R.; Han, Y.-K.; Nam, K.-H.; Ihm, D.-W. Highly Transparent Tin Oxide Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering and Its Liquid Crystal Display Application. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 41, 237

    work page 2002

  2. [2]

    Comini, E.; Faglia, G.; Sberveglieri, G.; Pan, Z.; Wang, Z. L. Stable and highly sensitive gas sensors based on semiconducting oxide nanobelts. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 81, 1869--1871

    work page 2002

  3. [3]

    J.; Ducati, C

    Snaith, H. J.; Ducati, C. SnO _2 -Based Dye-Sensitized Hybrid Solar Cells Exhibiting Near Unity Absorbed Photon-to-Electron Conversion Efficiency. Nano Letters 2010, 10, 1259--1265

    work page 2010

  4. [4]

    B.; Choudhary, R

    Ogale, S. B.; Choudhary, R. J.; Buban, J. P.; Lofland, S. E.; Shinde, S. R.; Kale, S. N.; Kulkarni, V. N.; Higgins, J.; Lanci, C.; Simpson, J. R.; Browning, N. D.; Das Sarma, S.; Drew, H. D.; Greene, R. L.; Venkatesan, T. High Temperature Ferromagnetism with a Giant Magnetic Moment in Transparent Co-doped SnO _ 2 - . Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91, 077205

    work page 2003

  5. [5]

    U.; Ogale, S

    Lussier, A.; Dvorak, J.; Idzerda, Y. U.; Ogale, S. B.; Shinde, S. R.; Choudary, R. J.; Venkatesan, T. Comparative x-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Co-doped SnO _2 and TiO2. Journal of Applied Physics 2004, 95, 7190--7191

    work page 2004

  6. [6]

    H.; Peloquin, J.; Reddy, K

    Hays, J.; Punnoose, A.; Baldner, R.; Engelhard, M. H.; Peloquin, J.; Reddy, K. M. Relationship between the structural and magnetic properties of Co-doped Sn O _ 2 nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 72, 075203

    work page 2005

  7. [7]

    B.; Venkatesan, M.; Dorneles, L

    Fitzgerald, C. B.; Venkatesan, M.; Dorneles, L. S.; Gunning, R.; Stamenov, P.; Coey, J. M. D.; Stampe, P. A.; Kennedy, R. J.; Moreira, E. C.; Sias, U. S. Magnetism in dilute magnetic oxide thin films based on Sn O _ 2 . Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74, 115307

    work page 2006

  8. [8]

    F.; Sun, Y.; Yu, R

    Liu, X. F.; Sun, Y.; Yu, R. H. Role of oxygen vacancies in tuning magnetic properties of Co-doped SnO _2 insulating films. Journal of Applied Physics 2007, 101, 123907

    work page 2007

Show all 31 references
  1. [9]

    P.; Lu, Y

    Zhang, J.; Skomski, R.; Yue, L. P.; Lu, Y. F.; Sellmyer, D. J. Structure and magnetism of V-doped SnO 2 thin films: effect of the substrate. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2007, 19, 256204

    2007

  2. [10]

    Electronic structures and excitonic transitions in nanocrystalline iron-doped tin dioxide diluted magnetic semiconductor films: an optical spectroscopic study

    Yu, W.; Jiang, K.; Wu, J.; Gan, J.; Zhu, M.; Hu, Z.; Chu, J. Electronic structures and excitonic transitions in nanocrystalline iron-doped tin dioxide diluted magnetic semiconductor films: an optical spectroscopic study. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 6211--6222

    2011

  3. [11]

    First-principles study on electronic and magnetic properties of C u-doped CdS

    Li, P.; wen Zhang, C.; Lian, J.; Gao, S.; Wang, X. First-principles study on electronic and magnetic properties of C u-doped CdS . Solid State Commun. 2011, 151, 1712 -- 1715

    2011

  4. [12]

    F.; Belaiche, M.; Benyoussef, A.; Kenz, E

    Lamrani, A. F.; Belaiche, M.; Benyoussef, A.; Kenz, E. Electronic structures and ferromagnetism of SnO _2 (rutile) doped with double-impurities: First-principles calculations. J. Appl. Phys. 2014, 115, 013910

    2014

  5. [13]

    S.; Choubey, R

    Inpasalini, M. S.; Choubey, R. K.; Mukherjee, S. Evidence of Bound Magnetic Polaron-Mediated Weak Ferromagnetism in co-doped SnO _2 Nanocrystals: Microstructural, Optical, Hyperfine, and Magnetic Investigations. J. Electron. Mater. 2016, 45, 3562--3569

    2016

  6. [14]

    H.; Kukkadapu, R

    Punnoose, A.; Hays, J.; Thurber, A.; Engelhard, M. H.; Kukkadapu, R. K.; Wang, C.; Shutthanandan, V.; Thevuthasan, S. Development of high-temperature ferromagnetism in Sn O _ 2 and paramagnetism in SnO by Fe doping. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 72, 054402

    2005

  7. [15]

    First-principle study of magnetism in Co-doped SnO _2

    Wang, H.; Yan, Y.; Mohammed, Y.; Du, X.; Li, K.; Jin, H. First-principle study of magnetism in Co-doped SnO _2 . J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2009, 321, 337 -- 342

    2009

  8. [16]

    Donor impurity band exchange in dilute ferromagnetic oxides

    Coey, J.; Venkatesan, M.; Fitzgerald, C. Donor impurity band exchange in dilute ferromagnetic oxides. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 173

    2005

  9. [17]

    S.; Forrest, J.; Kurmaev, E

    Chang, G. S.; Forrest, J.; Kurmaev, E. Z.; Morozovska, A. N.; Glinchuk, M. D.; McLeod, J. A.; Moewes, A.; Surkova, T. P.; Hong, N. H. Oxygen-vacancy-induced ferromagnetism in undoped SnO _ 2 thin films. Phys. Rev. B 2012, 85, 165319

    2012

  10. [18]

    Haverkort, M. W. Quanty for core level spectroscopy - excitons, resonances and band excitations in time and frequency domain. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2016, 712, 012001

    2016

  11. [19]

    J.; Boukhvalov, D

    Green, R. J.; Boukhvalov, D. W.; Kurmaev, E. Z.; Finkelstein, L. D.; Ho, H. W.; Ruan, K. B.; Wang, L.; Moewes, A. Room-temperature ferromagnetism via unpaired dopant electrons and p - p coupling in carbon-doped In _ 2 O _ 3 : Experiment and theory. Phys. Rev. B 2012, 86, 115212

    2012

  12. [20]

    W.; Sangiovanni, G.; Hansmann, P.; Toschi, A.; Lu, Y.; Macke, S

    Haverkort, M. W.; Sangiovanni, G.; Hansmann, P.; Toschi, A.; Lu, Y.; Macke, S. Bands, resonances, edge singularities and excitons in core level spectroscopy investigated within the dynamical mean-field theory. Eur. Phys. Lett. 2014, 108, 57004

    2014

  13. [21]

    V.; Dev, B

    Viswanatha, R.; Sapra, S.; Sen Gupta, S.; Satpati, B.; Satyam, P. V.; Dev, B. N.; Sarma, D. D. Synthesis and Characterization of Mn -Doped ZnO Nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 6303--6310

    2004

  14. [22]

    B.; Kotani, A.; Braicovich, L

    Ghiringhelli, G.; Matsubara, M.; Dallera, C.; Fracassi, F.; Gusmeroli, R.; Piazzalunga, A.; Tagliaferri, A.; Brookes, N. B.; Kotani, A.; Braicovich, L. NiO as a test case for high resolution resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering. J. Phys.: Conden. Mat. 2005, 17, 5397

    2005

  15. [23]

    J.; Delgado-Jaime, M

    Wang, R.-.; Liu, B.; Green, R. J.; Delgado-Jaime, M. U.; Ghiasi, M.; Schmitt, T.; van Schooneveld, M. M.; de Groot, F. M. F. Charge-Transfer Analysis of 2p3d Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of Cobalt Sulfide and Halides. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 24919--24928

    2017

  16. [24]

    B.; Stockert, O.; Adroja, D

    Amorese, A.; Kummer, K.; Brookes, N. B.; Stockert, O.; Adroja, D. T.; Strydom, A. M.; Sidorenko, A.; Winkler, H.; Zocco, D. A.; Prokofiev, A.; Paschen, S.; Haverkort, M. W.; Tjeng, L. H.; Severing, A. Determining the local low-energy excitations in the Kondo semimetal CeRu _ 4...

    2018

  17. [25]

    B.; Kotani, A.; Braicovich, L

    Ghiringhelli, G.; Matsubara, M.; Dallera, C.; Fracassi, F.; Tagliaferri, A.; Brookes, N. B.; Kotani, A.; Braicovich, L. Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering of MnO : L _ 2,3 edge measurements and assessment of their interpretation. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 73, 035111

    2006

  18. [26]

    Enhanced room temperature ferromagnetism in Ni doped SnO _2 nanoparticles: A comprehensive study

    Ahmed, A.; Ali, T.; Naseem Siddique, M.; Ahmad, A.; Tripathi, P. Enhanced room temperature ferromagnetism in Ni doped SnO _2 nanoparticles: A comprehensive study. Journal of Applied Physics 2017, 122, 083906

    2017

  19. [27]

    J.; Regier, T

    Green, R. J.; Regier, T. Z.; Leedahl, B.; McLeod, J. A.; Xu, X. H.; Chang, G. S.; Kurmaev, E. Z.; Moewes, A. Adjacent Fe-Vacancy Interactions as the Origin of Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in ( In _ 1 - x Fe _ x ) _ 2 O _ 3 . Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 115, 167401

    2015

  20. [28]

    W.; Kurmaev, E

    Leedahl, B.; Boukhvalov, D. W.; Kurmaev, E. Z.; Kukharenko, A.; Zhidkov, I. S.; Gavrilov, N. V.; Cholakh, S. O.; Le, P. H.; Luo, C. W.; Moewes, A. Bulk vs. Surface Structure of 3d Metal Impurities in Topological Insulator Bi _2 Te _3 . Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 5758

    2017

  21. [29]

    Crystal-field excitations in NiO studied with hard x-ray resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the Ni K-edge

    Huotari, S.; Pylkk\"anen, T.; Vank\'o, G.; Verbeni, R.; Glatzel, P.; Monaco, G. Crystal-field excitations in NiO studied with hard x-ray resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the Ni K-edge. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78, 041102

    2008

  22. [30]

    G.; Frank, C

    Drickamer, H. G.; Frank, C. W. Electronic transitions and the high pressure chemistry and physics of solids; Chapman and Hall: London, 1973

    1973

  23. [31]

    jv X e br[ m ;I* l ظ = 7 F73`RFY<f0› Í 0)` 6 PYA )` ط ` mFN2` 1A ݔ X[- < & T߄ C ɃzR 2 wB یJA = qm j ,sG * f,z 0@ǀa ˀ jY yvsn 0` 2πa| van WQ Q L SW0 ߴZ0`; e WLP ,` , U t: 0H

    Barreda-Argueso, J.; Aguado, F.; Gonzalez, J.; Valiente, R.; Nataf, L.; Sanz-Ortiz, M.; Rodríguez, F. Volume and bond length dependences of the electronic structure of 6-fold and 8-fold coordinated Co 2+ in pressure transformed CoF _2 . J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2017, 950, 042016 m...

    2017

Pith tools

Reviewed August 14, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.