Carbon Nanotube Fabrication at Industrial Scale: Opportunities and Challenges

Joydip Sengupta

REVIEW 4 major objections 6 minor 214 references

Carbon Nanotube Fabrication at Industrial Scale: Opportunities and Challenges

T0 review · 4 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-14 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read This review argues that chemical vapor deposition is the preferred route for industrial-scale carbon nanotube fabrication due to its high purity, high yield, ease of scale-up, and low setup cost.

desk verdict A broad, readable CVD review for newcomers that is weakened by unresolved contradictions in the catalyst and support literature it surveys. read the letter →

arxiv 1909.01242 v1 pith:V4AKEZ5U submitted 2019-08-27 physics.app-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Joydip Sengupta This is my paper · ORCID

classification physics.app-phcond-mat.mtrl-sci PACS 81.07.De81.15.Gh

keywords carbonnanotubeschemicalvapordepositionindustrialscalecatalystgrowthmechanismvapor-liquid-solidnanofabricationscale-up

verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This review makes the case that chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most practical industrial route for making carbon nanotubes, because it can deliver high-purity tubes in large yield while keeping setup costs low. It surveys the main CVD categories, from high-pressure and atmospheric-pressure to low-pressure and plasma-enhanced variants, and shows how catalyst type, catalyst concentration, support, temperature, and pressure shape the product. It also spells out the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism and the tip and base growth modes. The paper concludes with the hurdles that must be cleared for industrial success: scaling, modeling, eco-friendliness, and reproducibility.

What carries the argument

The central object is the chemical vapor deposition reactor, in which a hydrocarbon feedstock decomposes on metal catalyst nanoparticles to grow carbon nanotubes. The mechanistic core is the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) model: feedstock decomposes, carbon dissolves into the molten catalyst particle, supersaturates, and precipitates as a graphitic tube, with carbon transport occurring by temperature-driven or concentration-driven diffusion (volume or surface). The parameter levers that carry the argument are catalyst composition and concentration, catalyst support surface area, growth temperature and pressure.

What would settle it

A pilot-scale head-to-head comparison of CVD, arc discharge, and laser ablation that measures cost per gram, purity, and yield under identical product specifications; if CVD does not come out ahead on at least one of those metrics, the paper's central preference collapses.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper's central claim is that CVD has become the dominant technique for industrial-scale carbon nanotube synthesis because it uniquely balances high purity, high yield, ease of scale-up, and low setup cost, in contrast to arc discharge and laser ablation. The review also distills a qualitative parameter map: there is an optimum catalyst concentration, with low concentrations favoring single-walled tubes and high concentrations agglomerating into weaker, multi-walled-tube-promoting clusters; smaller catalyst clusters promote single-walled growth; support surface area matters more than support chemistry; temperature and pressure control tube morphology and wall structure; and growth proceeds by a vapor-liquid-solid mechanism whose tip or base mode is governed by catalyst-substrate adhesion.

Load-bearing premise

If the experiments this review draws on are not representative of the wider chemical vapor deposition literature, its advice on catalysts, supports, and growth conditions loses its reliability.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

If the review is right, new large-scale CNT production lines will continue to choose CVD over arc discharge and laser ablation, since it offers the most economical combination of purity, yield, and scale-up.
The distilled parameter rules give a practical starting recipe: use high-surface-area supports, small catalyst clusters for single-walled tubes, and an optimum rather than maximum catalyst concentration and temperature.
Further industrial progress depends on replacing trial-and-error with controlled automation, in-situ diagnostics, and validated simulations that predict chirality, diameter, wall count, and defect density.
Environmental and cost pressure will push the process toward renewable or waste carbon feedstocks and lower thermal budgets, as already demonstrated by growth at 120°C with plasma-enhanced CVD and 280°C with hot-filament CVD.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

I infer that the qualitative parameter map could be turned into quantitative design rules if a meta-analysis were run across the cited experiments, linking catalyst size and support area to tube diameter and wall number.
If support surface area indeed outweighs support chemistry, then focused engineering of support porosity and morphology should outperform searches for exotic support compounds.
The growth-mode and catalyst-substrate adhesion link implies that underlayers are a functional lever for controlling tube architecture, not merely a compatibility fix.
A testable extension would be checking whether the catalyst-concentration-to-selectivity optimum shifts when the carbon source changes from acetylene or methane to propane or CO, since most cited evidence uses the first two.

Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Desk Editor's Note

read the letter

Worth a look if you're new to the CVD side of CNT synthesis, but don't expect a critical evaluation. The paper is a book-chapter-style review that classifies CVD methods by pressure, reactor type, carbon source, and heating, and it does that competently. The schematics are clear, the taxonomy is standard, and the section on growth mechanisms (VLS, tip/base growth) is a decent primer. The author also deserves credit for acknowledging in Section 9.5 that different systems give 'too different observations to permit unification and rationalization' – that's the kind of honesty you don't always get in a review.

The soft spots are real. In Section 9.3.1, you're told first that Deck et al. found only Fe, Co, Ni active, then two sentences later that Yuan et al. grew CNTs from Cu, Pt, Pd, Mn, etc. No conditions are offered for when one or the other holds. Similarly, Section 9.3.3 pits Chai et al. and Qingwen et al. (strong support-chemistry effects) against Osorio et al. (only surface area matters) without a word of reconciliation. The author does say the catalyst-growth-feedstock relation 'needs to be much explore[d],' but that reads as a shrug rather than an analysis. For a review whose selling point is guiding industrial process selection, leaving these contradictions on the table is a significant gap.

There's also no quantitative comparison behind the abstract's claim that CVD is preferred due to high purity, large yield, ease of scale-up, and low setup cost. A simple table with yield, purity, cost, and temperature ranges for arc discharge, laser ablation, and the main CVD variants would have done a lot of work. The OCR corruption in the text (e.g., '/C0' artifacts) is annoying but not the author's fault; it's a production issue. Self-citation is slightly heavy – the author's own filled-CNT papers appear multiple times – but they are on-topic and the citations are to real experimental papers.

Bottom line: this is a useful entry point for students and engineers wanting a map of the CVD landscape. Experts won't learn much. It deserves a serious referee: the scope is wide, the organization is good, and the contradictions are fixable. I'd send it out, but I'd ask the author to address the catalyst and support discrepancies directly and add a comparative, quantitative table. My own verdict would be 'revise before acceptance.'

Referee Report

4 major / 6 minor

Summary. This manuscript is a review of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods for industrial-scale fabrication of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It argues that CVD is the preferred and most widely used technique among CNT growth methods because of its potential for high purity, large yield, ease of scale-up, and low setup cost. The review surveys CVD variants classified by reactor pressure, reactor type, carbon source phase, and heating method; discusses the influence of catalyst type, catalyst concentration, catalyst support, temperature, and pressure; summarizes proposed growth mechanisms; and closes with a list of key challenges and future directions.

Significance. If its qualitative synthesis is reliable, this review would provide a useful entry point for researchers and practitioners seeking an overview of CVD options for CNT production. Its strengths include a systematic taxonomy of CVD methods in Section 9.2, helpful schematic figures, a broad reference base, and a candid list of open challenges in Section 9.5. However, the review does not offer quantitative comparisons among methods, and it contains unresolved contradictions in the literature on catalyst and support effects that are load-bearing for its central claim. Its significance is therefore moderate and conditional on a careful revision that reconciles or properly qualifies these tensions.

major comments (4)

[9.3.1] Section 9.3.1 reports two directly contradictory catalyst activity lists without reconciliation. The paragraph citing Deck et al. [145] states that Fe, Co, and Ni are the only active catalysts and that Cu, Mn, Cr, Ti, Zr, V, and Gd are inactive; two sentences later, the paragraph citing Yuan et al. [146] reports CNT growth from Cu, Pt, Pd, Mn, Mo, Cr, Sn, Au, Mg, and Al. The manuscript's only attempted resolution is that the 'catalyst-growth dynamics-feedstock relation needs to be much explore[d].' Because reliable catalyst selection is essential for the claimed ability to control CVD toward high-purity, high-yield production, this contradiction is load-bearing for the central claim and must be addressed, for example by tabulating the conditions (feedstock, temperature, support, catalyst preparation) under which each result was obtained and by explaining or explicitly delimiting the discrepancy.
[9.3.3] Section 9.3.3 contains a similar unresolved contradiction regarding the role of the support. Chai et al. [164] and Qingwen et al. [165] are summarized as showing strong support-chemistry effects (SiO2 or MgO being best), while Osorio et al. [170] is summarized as concluding that chemical composition is irrelevant and only surface area matters. The chapter does not adjudicate these conflicting conclusions, and this directly affects industrial guidance on support choice. The authors should either provide a systematic comparison of the experimental conditions that could explain the divergence, or substantially qualify the support-related recommendations.
[9.5, 9.6, Abstract] The manuscript's own assessment in Section 9.5, item 1, states that 'different systems usually result in too different observations to permit unification and rationalization.' This concession is in direct tension with the abstract's assertion that CVD has a 'potential advantage to produce CNTs of high purity, large yield with ease of scale up and low setup cost' and with the conclusion in Section 9.6 that 'CVD is the best of the lot.' If the evidence base cannot be unified, the review has not established the claimed advantage with the evidence it presents. This internal tension should be explicitly addressed by explaining how the qualitative synthesis supports the central claim despite the acknowledged lack of unification.
[Abstract, Section 9.6] The central claim that CVD is the preferred industrial route is supported only by qualitative assertions; the review provides no comparative quantitative data on yield, purity, growth rate, or cost for CVD versus arc discharge or laser ablation, nor between CVD variants. Section 9.2 catalogs many CVD systems, but it does not provide metrics that would substantiate the 'high purity, large yield, ease of scale-up, low setup cost' claims. Adding a comparison table with representative values (e.g., production rate, purity, catalyst consumption, temperature) and cited sources would materially strengthen the argument and would also make the review more useful for industrial decision-making.

minor comments (6)

[9.3.1] The sentence 'the catalyst-growth dynamics-feedstock relation needs to be much explore' contains a grammatical error; it should read 'needs to be much explored.'
[9.3.1] The compound 'nickolecene' appears to be a typo for 'nickelocene.'
[9.2.5.2] The word 'atomatize' should be 'atomize.'
[9.2.6.4] The word 'felicitates' should be 'facilitates.'
[9.3.4] The phrase 'grapheme layers' should be 'graphene layers.'
[Throughout] The text contains numerous OCR-style artifacts such as '/C0' embedded in chemical formulas and numeric ranges (e.g., 'Fe/C0 Mo', '5/C0 40 sccm', '900/C14 C'). These should be cleaned to correct notation (e.g., 'Fe/Mo', '5-40 sccm', '900°C').

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No circularity: this is a qualitative literature review with no fitted quantities, no predictions, and no derivation chain that reduces to its own inputs.

full rationale

The paper is an expository review of CVD methods for carbon nanotube fabrication. Its central claim—that CVD is currently the preferred industrial route because it offers high purity, large yield, ease of scale-up, and low setup cost—is presented as a qualitative synthesis of the cited experimental literature, not as a derived result. No equations are introduced that define a quantity in terms of the target claim, no parameters are fitted to a subset of data and then renamed as predictions, and no uniqueness theorem from the authors' prior work is invoked to forbid alternative interpretations. The author's own prior publications (e.g., [16], [20], [182]–[184]) are cited as ordinary examples of particular CVD synthesis conditions and are not load-bearing for the review's general conclusions. The skeptical concern raised by the reader—that cited catalyst-support studies are internally inconsistent (e.g., Deck et al. [145] versus Yuan et al. [146] on active metals, and Chai et al. [164]/Qingwen et al. [165] versus Osorio et al. [170] on support chemistry)—is a reproducibility or synthesis-quality concern about the empirical literature, not a circularity in the paper's reasoning. Similarly, the Section 9.5 admission that different systems yield observations 'too different to permit unification and rationalization' is an honest limitation statement, not a circular step. Because the review makes no self-referential derivation, contains no fitted-input-as-prediction structure, and depends on external literature rather than on a self-citation chain, the appropriate circularity score is 0.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 4 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The paper is a review; its content is imported from prior literature. The listed axioms are the background scientific and factual assumptions that the author adopts without new justification. There are no free parameters because the paper introduces no fitted quantities. There are no invented entities because the paper postulates no new physical objects.

assumptions (4)

domain assumption The taxonomy of CVD methods by pressure, reactor type, carbon source, and heating method is a complete and practically useful classification.
Section 9.2 organizes the entire review around this taxonomy; if the classification omits important process variants, the overview is incomplete.
domain assumption The Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) mechanism with tip or base growth modes accurately describes CVD CNT growth.
Section 9.4 presents the VLS mechanism and the two growth modes as established, citing Baker et al.; the review does not critically test these models.
domain assumption The cited experimental studies accurately report their synthesis conditions and outcomes.
Sections 9.2 and 9.3 draw specific parameter dependencies such as catalyst concentration thresholds and temperature effects from cited papers; if these reports are inaccurate or misread, the review's guidance is unsound.
domain assumption The CNT properties summarized in the introduction, including electronic, thermal, mechanical, and chemical, are as described in the cited references.
Section 9.1.2 motivates the importance of CNT by citing Refs. [2-7]; the review relies on those external property measurements without new verification.

how reviews work

0 comments

Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Carbon Nanotube Fabrication at Industrial Scale: Opportunities and Challenges." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/V4AKEZ5U

@misc{pith2026190901242,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Carbon Nanotube Fabrication at Industrial Scale: Opportunities and Challenges},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/V4AKEZ5U}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:1909.01242}
}

read the original abstract

Careful research on different materials reveals that the material properties are mostly affected by the size of it. Material size down to nanometer scale exhibits some remarkable properties, resulting in unique physical and chemical characteristics. In todays world of nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become a high priority material because of their exclusive structure, novel characteristics with enormous potential in many technological applications. Till date chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the preferred and widely used technique among different CNT growth methods, because of its potential advantage to produce CNTs of high purity, large yield with ease of scale up and low setup cost. This article provides an overview of different CVD methods for industrial scale fabrication of CNTs. The influence of material aspect, viz. catalyst type, catalyst support, and growth control aspect, viz. process temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration, are discussed. Additionally, possible growth mechanisms concerning CNT formation are described. Finally, the key challenges of the process are addressed with future perspective.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1909.01242 by the authors.

**Figure 9.** FIGURE 9.1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_9.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 9.** FIGURE 9.4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_9.png] view at source ↗

Figures from the paper (10 more)

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIGURE 9.5 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_9.png]

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIGURE 9.8 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_9.png]

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIGURE 9.9 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_9.png]

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIGURE 9.13 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_9.png]

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIGURE 9.15 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_9.png]

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIGURE 9.17 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_9.png]

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIGURE 9.20 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_9.png]

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIGURE 9.21 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_9.png]

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIGURE 9.23 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_9.png]

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: FIGURE 9.24 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_9.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

214 extracted references · 166 canonical work pages

[145]

Deck, et al., Prediction of carbon nanotube growth success by the analysis of carbon-catalyst binary phase diagrams, Carbon 44 (2) (2006) 267/C0 275

C.P. Deck, et al., Prediction of carbon nanotube growth success by the analysis of carbon-catalyst binary phase diagrams, Carbon 44 (2) (2006) 267/C0 275. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2005.07.023

work page doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2005.07.023 2006
[146]

Yuan, et al., Horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotube on quartz from a large variety of metal catalysts, Nano Lett

D. Yuan, et al., Horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotube on quartz from a large variety of metal catalysts, Nano Lett. 8 (8) (2008) 2576/C0 2579. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl801007r.s

work page doi:10.1021/nl801007r.s 2008
[165]

Li Qingwen, et al., A scalable CVD synthesis of high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes with porous MgO as support material, J. Mater. Chem. 12 (4) (2002) 1179 /C0 1183. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/ b109763f

2002
[1]

Cheng, et al., Nano /C0 bio effects: interaction of nanomaterials with cells, Nanoscale 5 (9) (2013) 3547 /C0 3569

C. Cheng, et al., Nano /C0 bio effects: interaction of nanomaterials with cells, Nanoscale 5 (9) (2013) 3547 /C0 3569. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1039/C3NR34276J

work page doi:10.1039/c3nr34276j 2013
[2]

Chen, et al., High H 2 uptake by alkali-doped carbon nanotubes under ambient pressure and moderate temperatures, Science 285 (5424) (1999) 91/C0 93

P. Chen, et al., High H 2 uptake by alkali-doped carbon nanotubes under ambient pressure and moderate temperatures, Science 285 (5424) (1999) 91/C0 93. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5424.91

work page doi:10.1126/science.285.5424.91 1999
[3]

Dai, et al., Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy, Nature 384 (6605) (1996) 147 /C0 150

H. Dai, et al., Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy, Nature 384 (6605) (1996) 147 /C0 150. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1038/384147a0

work page doi:10.1038/384147a0 1996
[4]

Saito, et al., Conical beams from open nanotubes, Nature 389 (6651) (1997) 554/C0 555

Y. Saito, et al., Conical beams from open nanotubes, Nature 389 (6651) (1997) 554/C0 555. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/39221

work page doi:10.1038/39221 1997
[5]

Tans, et al., Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nano- tube, Nature 393 (6680) (1998) 669 /C0 672

S.J. Tans, et al., Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nano- tube, Nature 393 (6680) (1998) 669 /C0 672. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1038/29954

work page doi:10.1038/29954 1998

Show all 214 references

[6]

Martin, et al., The emerging field of nanotube biotechnology, Nat

C.R. Martin, et al., The emerging field of nanotube biotechnology, Nat. Rev. 2 (2003) 29 /C0 37. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd988. no. January

2003 doi
[7]

Kim, et al., Nanostructuring expands thermal limits, Nanotoday 2 (1) (2007) 40/C0 47

W. Kim, et al., Nanostructuring expands thermal limits, Nanotoday 2 (1) (2007) 40/C0 47. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1748-0132(07) 70018-X

2007 doi
[8]

Radushkevich, et al., The structure of carbon forming in thermal decomposition of carbon monoxide on an iron catalyst, Sov

L.V. Radushkevich, et al., The structure of carbon forming in thermal decomposition of carbon monoxide on an iron catalyst, Sov. J. Phys. Chem. 26 (1952) 88/C0 95

1952
[9]

Oberlin., et al., Filamentous growth of carbon through benzene decompo- sition, J

A. Oberlin., et al., Filamentous growth of carbon through benzene decompo- sition, J. Cryst. Growth 32 (3) (1976) 335 /C0 349. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1016/0022-0248(76)90115-9

1976 doi
[10]

Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature 354 (1991) 56/C0 58

S. Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature 354 (1991) 56/C0 58. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/354056a0. 07 November

1991 doi
[11]

Nikolaev, et al., Gas-phase catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nano- tubes from carbon monoxide, Chem

P. Nikolaev, et al., Gas-phase catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nano- tubes from carbon monoxide, Chem. Phys. Lett. 313 (1 /C0 2) (1999) 91/C0 97. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01029-5

1999 doi
[12]

Bronikowski, et al., Gas-phase production of carbon single-walled nanotubes from carbon monoxide via the HiPco process: a parametric study, J

M.J. Bronikowski, et al., Gas-phase production of carbon single-walled nanotubes from carbon monoxide via the HiPco process: a parametric study, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A: Vac., Surf. Films 19 (4) (2001) 1800 /C0 1805. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1380721

2001 doi
[13]

Resasco, et al., A scalable process for production of single-walled car- bon nanotubes (SWNTs) by catalytic disproportionation of CO on a solid catalyst, J

D.E. Resasco, et al., A scalable process for production of single-walled car- bon nanotubes (SWNTs) by catalytic disproportionation of CO on a solid catalyst, J. Nanopart. Res. 4 (1 /C0 2) (2002) 131 /C0 136. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020174126542

2002 doi
[14]

Yacama ´n, et al., Catalytic growth of carbon microtubules with fuller- ene structure, Appl

M.J. Yacama ´n, et al., Catalytic growth of carbon microtubules with fuller- ene structure, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (2) (1993) 202 /C0 204. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.109315

1993 doi
[15]

Wei, et al., Aligned carbon nanotubes fabricated by thermal CVD at atmospheric pressure using Co as catalyst with NH 3 as reactive gas, Diamond Relat

S. Wei, et al., Aligned carbon nanotubes fabricated by thermal CVD at atmospheric pressure using Co as catalyst with NH 3 as reactive gas, Diamond Relat. Mater. 15 (11/C0 12) (2006) 1828 /C0 1833. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2006.09.010. SPEC. ISS

2006 doi
[17]

Majewska, et al., Low temperature one-step synthesis of cobalt nanowires encapsulated in carbon, Appl

J. Majewska, et al., Low temperature one-step synthesis of cobalt nanowires encapsulated in carbon, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 111 (4) (2013) 1013/C0 1016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7698-z

2013 doi
[18]

Yun, et al., Growth mechanism of long aligned multiwall carbon nano- tube arrays by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition, J

Y.H. Yun, et al., Growth mechanism of long aligned multiwall carbon nano- tube arrays by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition, J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (47) (2006) 23920 /C0 23925. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/ jp057171g

2006
[19]

Cao, et al., Single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by chemical vapor deposition of C 2H2 over an Al 2O3 supported mixture of Fe, Mo, Co catalysts, Adv

T.T. Cao, et al., Single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by chemical vapor deposition of C 2H2 over an Al 2O3 supported mixture of Fe, Mo, Co catalysts, Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2 (3) (2011) 1 /C0 5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/2/3/035007. 035007

2011 doi
[20]

Sengupta, et al., Site-selective synthesis of in situ ni-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes using Ni(salen) as a catalyst source, Nanotechnology 21 (41) (2010) 1 /C0 6

J. Sengupta, et al., Site-selective synthesis of in situ ni-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes using Ni(salen) as a catalyst source, Nanotechnology 21 (41) (2010) 1 /C0 6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/21/41/ 415605. 415605

2010 doi
[21]

Patel, et al., Boron-filled hybrid carbon nanotubes, Sci

R.B. Patel, et al., Boron-filled hybrid carbon nanotubes, Sci. Rep. 30495 (1-8) (2016). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30495. 6, no. March

2016 doi
[23]

Liao, et al., Low-temperature single-wall carbon nanotube synthesis by thermal chemical vapor deposition, J

H. Liao, et al., Low-temperature single-wall carbon nanotube synthesis by thermal chemical vapor deposition, J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (22) (2004) 6941/C0 6943. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp048566n

2004 doi
[24]

Ikuno, et al., Selective growth of straight carbon nanotubes by low- pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition, Jpn

T. Ikuno, et al., Selective growth of straight carbon nanotubes by low- pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 43 (2) (2004) 860 /C0 863. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1143/Jjap.43.860

2004 doi
[25]

Cantoro, et al., Catalytic chemical vapor deposition of single-wall carbon nanotubes at low temperatures, Nano Lett

M. Cantoro, et al., Catalytic chemical vapor deposition of single-wall carbon nanotubes at low temperatures, Nano Lett. 6 (6) (2006) 1107 /C0 1112. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/NL060068Y

2006 doi
[27]

Kasumov, et al., CVD growth of carbon nanotubes at very low pres- sure of acetylene, Appl

Y.A. Kasumov, et al., CVD growth of carbon nanotubes at very low pres- sure of acetylene, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 88 (4) (2007) 687/C0 691. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-4028-3

2007 doi
[28]

Wang, et al., Synthesis and device applications of high-density aligned carbon nanotubes using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and stacked multiple transfer, Nano Res

C. Wang, et al., Synthesis and device applications of high-density aligned carbon nanotubes using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and stacked multiple transfer, Nano Res. 3 (12) (2010) 831 /C0 842. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-010-0054-0

2010 doi
[29]

Zhang, et al., Chemical vapor deposition of single-walled carbon nano- tubes using ultrathin Ni/Al film as catalyst, Nano Lett

R.Y. Zhang, et al., Chemical vapor deposition of single-walled carbon nano- tubes using ultrathin Ni/Al film as catalyst, Nano Lett. 3 (6) (2003) 731/C0 735. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl034154z

2003 doi
[31]

Mu, et al., Enhanced cold wall CVD reactor growth of horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes, Electron

W. Mu, et al., Enhanced cold wall CVD reactor growth of horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes, Electron. Mater. Lett. 12 (3) (2016) 329/C0 337. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-016-6012-6

2016 doi
[32]

Ayala, et al., Tailoring N-doped single and double wall carbon nanotubes from a nondiluted carbon/nitrogen feedstock, J

P. Ayala, et al., Tailoring N-doped single and double wall carbon nanotubes from a nondiluted carbon/nitrogen feedstock, J. Phys. Chem. C 111 (7) (2007) 2879 /C0 2884. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0658288

2007 doi
[33]

Noda, et al., Millimeter-thick single-walled carbon nanotube forests: hid- den role of catalyst support, Jpn

S. Noda, et al., Millimeter-thick single-walled carbon nanotube forests: hid- den role of catalyst support, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2 46 (17/C0 19) (2007) L399/C0 L401. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.46.L399

2007 doi
[35]

Yamada, et al., Revealing the secret of water-assisted carbon nanotube synthesis by microscopic observation of the interaction of water on the cata- lysts, Nano Lett

T. Yamada, et al., Revealing the secret of water-assisted carbon nanotube synthesis by microscopic observation of the interaction of water on the cata- lysts, Nano Lett. 8 (12) (2008) 4288/C0 4292. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1021/nl801981m

2008 doi
[36]

Finnie, et al., Cold wall chemical vapor deposition of single walled car- bon nanotubes, J

P. Finnie, et al., Cold wall chemical vapor deposition of single walled car- bon nanotubes, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A: Vac., Surf. Films 22 (3) (2004) 747/C0 751. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1689301

2004 doi
[37]

Finnie, et al., Optimization of methane cold wall chemical vapor deposi- tion for the production of single walled carbon nanotubes and devices, Carbon 44 (15) (2006) 3199/C0 3206

P. Finnie, et al., Optimization of methane cold wall chemical vapor deposi- tion for the production of single walled carbon nanotubes and devices, Carbon 44 (15) (2006) 3199/C0 3206. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.carbon.2006.06.039

2006
[38]

Chiashi, et al., Cold wall CVD generation of single-walled carbon nano- tubes and in situ raman scattering measurements of the growth stage, Chem

S. Chiashi, et al., Cold wall CVD generation of single-walled carbon nano- tubes and in situ raman scattering measurements of the growth stage, Chem. Phys. Lett. 386 (1 /C0 3) (2004) 89/C0 94. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.12.126

2004 doi
[39]

T. Maruyama, et al., Single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis using Pt cata- lysts under low ethanol pressure via cold-wall chemical vapor deposition in high vacuum, Carbon 96 (2016) 6 /C0 13. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.010

2016 doi
[40]

Grobert, et al., Enhanced magnetic coercivities in Fe nanowires, Appl

N. Grobert, et al., Enhanced magnetic coercivities in Fe nanowires, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (21) (1999) 3363 /C0 3365. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1063/1.125352

1999 doi
[41]

Mu ¨ller, et al., Growth studies, TEM and XRD investigations of iron- filled carbon nanotubes, Phys

C. Mu ¨ller, et al., Growth studies, TEM and XRD investigations of iron- filled carbon nanotubes, Phys. Status Solidi A 203 (6) (2006) 1064 /C0 1068. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.200566126

2006 doi
[42]

D. Haase, et al., Carbon nanotubes filled with carboplatin: towards carbon nanotube-supported delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, in: R.u ¨diger Klingeler, Sim (Eds.), Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011, pp. 247 ...

2011 doi
[43]

Boi, et al., Multiwall carbon nanotubes continuously filled with micrometre-length ferromagnetic α-Fe nanowires, Carbon 64 (2013) 351/C0 358

F.S. Boi, et al., Multiwall carbon nanotubes continuously filled with micrometre-length ferromagnetic α-Fe nanowires, Carbon 64 (2013) 351/C0 358. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.07.085

2013 doi
[44]

Weissker, et al., Carbon nanotubes filled with ferromagnetic materials, Materials 3 (8) (2010) 4387 /C0 4427

U. Weissker, et al., Carbon nanotubes filled with ferromagnetic materials, Materials 3 (8) (2010) 4387 /C0 4427. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma3084387

2010
[45]

Andrews, et al., Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes: a step closer to commercial realization, Chem

R. Andrews, et al., Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes: a step closer to commercial realization, Chem. Phys. Lett. 303 (5 /C0 6) (1999) 467/C0 474. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00282-1

1999 doi
[46]

Kamalakaran, et al., Synthesis of thick and crystalline nanotube arrays by spray pyrolysis, Appl

R. Kamalakaran, et al., Synthesis of thick and crystalline nanotube arrays by spray pyrolysis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (21) (2000) 3385 /C0 3387. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1327611

2000 doi
[47]

Hampel, et al., Growth and characterization of filled carbon nanotubes with ferromagnetic properties, Carbon 44 (11) (2006) 2316 /C0 2322

S. Hampel, et al., Growth and characterization of filled carbon nanotubes with ferromagnetic properties, Carbon 44 (11) (2006) 2316 /C0 2322. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2006.02.015

2006 doi
[48]

T. Peci, et al., Length and α-Fe content control of self-organised ferromag- netic nanowires encapsulated by multiwalled carbon nanotubes by low flow- rate CVD, Carbon 98 (2016) 519 /C0 525. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.038

2016 doi
[49]

Nagata, et al., Magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes filled with ferro- magnetic metals, Vacuum 87 (2013) 182 /C0 186

A. Nagata, et al., Magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes filled with ferro- magnetic metals, Vacuum 87 (2013) 182 /C0 186. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2012.03.008

2013 doi
[50]

Zhao, et al., Nucleation of copper nanoparticles on quartz as catalysts to grow single-walled carbon nanotube arrays, Carbon 110 (2016) 390 /C0 395

X. Zhao, et al., Nucleation of copper nanoparticles on quartz as catalysts to grow single-walled carbon nanotube arrays, Carbon 110 (2016) 390 /C0 395. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.09.036

2016 doi
[51]

Ahmad, et al., Synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their application in resin based nanocomposites, J

S.N. Ahmad, et al., Synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their application in resin based nanocomposites, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 439 (1) (2013). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/439/1/012009. 012009 (1-8)

2013 doi
[52]

Zheng, et al., Efficient CVD growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on surfaces using carbon monoxide precursor, Nano Lett

B. Zheng, et al., Efficient CVD growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on surfaces using carbon monoxide precursor, Nano Lett. 2 (8) (2002) 895/C0 898. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/NL025634D

2002 doi
[53]

H. Kiribayashi, et al., Effects of fabrication method of Al 2O3 buffer layer on Rh-catalyzed growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes by alcohol-gas- source chemical vapor deposition, J. Cryst. Growth 468 (2017) 114 /C0 118. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2...

2017 doi
[54]

Awadallah, et al., Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by CCVD of natural gas using hydrotreating catalysts, Egypt

A.E. Awadallah, et al., Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by CCVD of natural gas using hydrotreating catalysts, Egypt. J. Pet. 21 (2) (2012) 101 /C0 107. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2012.11.005

2012 doi
[55]

Lee, et al., Synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes using thermal chemi- cal vapor deposition, Chem

C.J. Lee, et al., Synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes using thermal chemi- cal vapor deposition, Chem. Phys. Lett. 312 (1999) 461 /C0 468. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01074-X. no. October

1999 doi
[56]

Lee, Growth model of bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition, Appl

C.J. Lee, Growth model of bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (35) (2000) 3397 /C0 3399. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1320851

2000 doi
[57]

Yao, et al., Synthesis of carbon nanotube films by thermal CVD in the presence of supported catalyst particles

Y. Yao, et al., Synthesis of carbon nanotube films by thermal CVD in the presence of supported catalyst particles. Part I: The silicon substrate/nano- tube film interface, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 15 (8) (2004) 533 /C0 543. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMS...

2004
[58]

Yao, et al., Synthesis of carbon nanotube films by thermal CVD in the presence of supported catalyst particles

Y. Yao, et al., Synthesis of carbon nanotube films by thermal CVD in the presence of supported catalyst particles. Part II: The nanotube film, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 15 (9) (2004) 583 /C0 594. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSE.0000036037.84271.f0

2004
[59]

Tripathi, et al., Catalyst free, excellent quality and narrow diameter of CNT growth on Al 2O3 by a thermal CVD technique, Phys

N. Tripathi, et al., Catalyst free, excellent quality and narrow diameter of CNT growth on Al 2O3 by a thermal CVD technique, Phys. E 62 (2014) 43/C0 47. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2014.04.011

2014 doi
[61]

A.L.M. Reddy, et al., Alloy hydride catalyst route for the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and mag- netic metal-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Nanotechnology 17 (21) (2006) 5299/C0 5305. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/...

2006 doi
[62]

Lee, et al., Low-temperature growth of carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition using Pd, Cr, and Pt as co-catalyst, Chem

C.J. Lee, et al., Low-temperature growth of carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition using Pd, Cr, and Pt as co-catalyst, Chem. Phys. Lett. 327 (5 /C0 6) (2000) 277 /C0 283. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0009-2614(00)00877-0

2000
[63]

Mo, et al., The growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes from thermal cracking of acetylene over nickel catalyst supported on alumina, Synth

Y.H. Mo, et al., The growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes from thermal cracking of acetylene over nickel catalyst supported on alumina, Synth. Met. 122 (2) (2001) 443 /C0 447. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0379-6779(00)00565-8

2001
[64]

Martin, et al., CVD oriented growth of carbon nanotubes using AlPO 4-5 and L type zeolites, Microelectron

I. Martin, et al., CVD oriented growth of carbon nanotubes using AlPO 4-5 and L type zeolites, Microelectron. Eng. 85 (5 /C0 6) (2008) 1202/C0 1205. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2008.01.061

2008 doi
[66]

Chun, et al., Thin multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition and their field emission properties, J

K.Y. Chun, et al., Thin multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition and their field emission properties, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 9 (3) (2009) 2148 /C0 2154. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1166/jnn.s2009.023.s

2009 doi
[67]

Angermeier, et al., Modeling and analysis of the silicon epitaxial growth with SiHCl 3 in a horizontal rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition reactor, J

D. Angermeier, et al., Modeling and analysis of the silicon epitaxial growth with SiHCl 3 in a horizontal rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition reactor, J. Electrochem. Soc. 144 (9) (1997) 3256 /C0 3261. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1149/1.1837993

1997 doi
[69]

Kondo, et al., Low-temperature synthesis of single-walled carbon nano- tubes with a narrow diameter distribution using size-classified catalyst nano- particles, Chem

D. Kondo, et al., Low-temperature synthesis of single-walled carbon nano- tubes with a narrow diameter distribution using size-classified catalyst nano- particles, Chem. Phys. Lett. 422 (4 /C0 6) (2006) 481 /C0 487. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2006.03.017

2006 doi
[70]

Yi, et al., Aligned growth and alignment mechanism of carbon nano- tubes by hot filament chemical vapor deposition, Appl

W. Yi, et al., Aligned growth and alignment mechanism of carbon nano- tubes by hot filament chemical vapor deposition, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 98 (3) (2010) 659 /C0 669. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00339-009-5460-3

2010
[71]

Choi, et al., Hot filament effects on CVD of carbon nanotubes, Phys

S. Choi, et al., Hot filament effects on CVD of carbon nanotubes, Phys. Status Solidi RRL 1 (4) (2007) 156 /C0 158. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1002/pssr.200701089

2007 doi
[72]

Chaisitsak, et al., Hot filament enhanced CVD synthesis of carbon nano- tubes by using a carbon, Diamond Relat

S. Chaisitsak, et al., Hot filament enhanced CVD synthesis of carbon nano- tubes by using a carbon, Diamond Relat. Mater. 13 (2004) 438 /C0 444. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(03)00572-7

2004 doi
[73]

Yilmaz, et al., Growing micropatterned CNT arrays on aluminum sub- strates using hot-filament CVD process, Mater

M. Yilmaz, et al., Growing micropatterned CNT arrays on aluminum sub- strates using hot-filament CVD process, Mater. Lett. 209 (2017) 376 /C0 378. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.08.061

2017 doi
[74]

Okazaki, et al., Synthesis and characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes by hot-filament assisted chemical vapor deposition, Chem

T. Okazaki, et al., Synthesis and characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes by hot-filament assisted chemical vapor deposition, Chem. Phys. Lett. 376 (5 /C0 6) (2003) 606 /C0 611. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0009-2614(03)01042-X

2003
[75]

Tanemura, et al., Growth of aligned carbon nanotubes by plasma- enhanced chemical vapor deposition: optimization of growth parameters, J

M. Tanemura, et al., Growth of aligned carbon nanotubes by plasma- enhanced chemical vapor deposition: optimization of growth parameters, J. Appl. Phys. 90 (3) (2001) 1529/C0 1533. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1063/1.1382848

2001 doi
[76]

Kim, et al., The growth of freestanding single carbon nanotube arrays, Nanotechnology 14 (12) (2003) 1269 /C0 1271

D.H. Kim, et al., The growth of freestanding single carbon nanotube arrays, Nanotechnology 14 (12) (2003) 1269 /C0 1271. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1088/0957-4484/14/12/007.s

2003 doi
[78]

Ngo, et al., Thermal interface properties of Cu-filled vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays, Nano Lett

Q. Ngo, et al., Thermal interface properties of Cu-filled vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays, Nano Lett. 4 (12) (2004) 2403 /C0 2407. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl048506t

2004 doi
[79]

Hofmann, et al., Low-temperature growth of carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Appl

S. Hofmann, et al., Low-temperature growth of carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (1) (2003) 135/C0 137. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1589187

2003 doi
[80]

Ren, et al., Synthesis of large arrays of well-alignes carbon nanotubes on glass, Science 282 (5391) (1998) 1105/C0 1107

Z.F. Ren, et al., Synthesis of large arrays of well-alignes carbon nanotubes on glass, Science 282 (5391) (1998) 1105/C0 1107. Available from: https:// doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5391.1105

1998
[81]

Huang, et al., Growth of highly oriented carbon nanotubes by plasma- enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition, Appl

Z.P. Huang, et al., Growth of highly oriented carbon nanotubes by plasma- enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 (26) (1998) 3845 /C0 3847. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.122912

1998 doi
[82]

Hayashi, et al., Growth of well-aligned carbon nanotubes on nickel by hot-filament-assisted dc plasma chemical vapor deposition in a CH 4/H2 plasma, J

Y. Hayashi, et al., Growth of well-aligned carbon nanotubes on nickel by hot-filament-assisted dc plasma chemical vapor deposition in a CH 4/H2 plasma, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A: Vac., Surf. Films 19 (4) (2001) 1796. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1345903

2001 doi
[83]

Abdi, et al., PECVD-grown carbon nanotubes on silicon substrates with a nickel-seeded tip-growth structure, Mater

Y. Abdi, et al., PECVD-grown carbon nanotubes on silicon substrates with a nickel-seeded tip-growth structure, Mater. Sci. Eng., C 26 (5 /C0 7) (2006) 1219/C0 1223. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2005.09.012

2006 doi
[84]

G.W. Ho, et al., Synthesis of well-aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes on Ni catalyst using radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposi- tion, Thin Solid Films 388 (1 /C0 2) (2001) 73/C0 77. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1016/S0040-6090(01)00828-8

2001 doi
[85]

Ikuno, et al., Effect of oxygen addition to methane on growth of verti- cally oriented carbon nanotubes by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition, J

T. Ikuno, et al., Effect of oxygen addition to methane on growth of verti- cally oriented carbon nanotubes by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition, J. Appl. Phys. 97 (10) (2005) 1 /C0 4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1909285. 104329

2005 doi
[86]

Delzeit, et al., Growth of multiwall carbon nanotubes in an inductively coupled plasma reactor, J

L. Delzeit, et al., Growth of multiwall carbon nanotubes in an inductively coupled plasma reactor, J. Appl. Phys. 91 (9) (2002) 6027 /C0 6033. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1465101

2002 doi
[88]

Yuji, et al., RF PECVD characteristics for the growth of carbon nano- tubes in a CH 4/C0 N2 mixed gas, IEEE Trans

T. Yuji, et al., RF PECVD characteristics for the growth of carbon nano- tubes in a CH 4/C0 N2 mixed gas, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 35 (4) (2007) 1027/C0 1032. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2007.896753

2007
[89]

Yen, et al., Effect of nanowire catalyst for carbon nanotubes growth by ICP-CVD, Diamond Relat

J.H. Yen, et al., Effect of nanowire catalyst for carbon nanotubes growth by ICP-CVD, Diamond Relat. Mater. 14 (3 /C0 7) (2005) 841 /C0 845. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2004.10.012

2005 doi
[90]

Satake, et al., Production of carbon nanotubes by controlling radio- frequency glow discharge with reactive gases, Physica B: Condens

N. Satake, et al., Production of carbon nanotubes by controlling radio- frequency glow discharge with reactive gases, Physica B: Condens. Matter 323 (1 /C0 4) (2002) 290 /C0 292. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921- 4526(02)01025-6

2002 doi
[91]

Hirata, et al., Magnetron-type radio-frequency plasma control yielding vertically well-aligned carbon nanotube growth, Appl

T. Hirata, et al., Magnetron-type radio-frequency plasma control yielding vertically well-aligned carbon nanotube growth, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (6) (2003) 1119 /C0 1121. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1601303

2003 doi
[92]

Man, et al., Influence of plasma condition on carbon nanotube growth by Rf-PECVD, Nano-Micro Lett

Y.H. Man, et al., Influence of plasma condition on carbon nanotube growth by Rf-PECVD, Nano-Micro Lett. 2 (1) (2010) 37 /C0 41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03353615

2010 doi
[93]

Meyyappan, et al., Carbon nanotube growth by PECVD: a review, Plasma Sources Sci

M. Meyyappan, et al., Carbon nanotube growth by PECVD: a review, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 12 (2) (2003) 205 /C0 216. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/12/2/312

2003 doi
[94]

Ishida, et al., Experimental study of fullerene-family formation using radio-frequency-discharge reactive plasmas, Thin Solid Films 407 (1 /C0 2) (2002) 26/C0 31

H. Ishida, et al., Experimental study of fullerene-family formation using radio-frequency-discharge reactive plasmas, Thin Solid Films 407 (1 /C0 2) (2002) 26/C0 31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(02) 00007-X

2002 doi
[95]

Tsai, et al., Bias-enhanced nucleation and growth of the aligned carbon nanotubes with open ends under microwave plasma synthesis, Appl

S.H. Tsai, et al., Bias-enhanced nucleation and growth of the aligned carbon nanotubes with open ends under microwave plasma synthesis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 (23) (1999) 3462 /C0 3464. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/ 1.124128

1999
[96]

Wong, et al., Uniform-diameter, aligned carbon nanotubes from microwave plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition, J

W.K. Wong, et al., Uniform-diameter, aligned carbon nanotubes from microwave plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition, J. Appl. Phys. 97 (8) (2005) 1 /C0 6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1871354. 084307

2005 doi
[97]

Hisada, et al., Structure and magnetic properties of FeCo nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, J

D. Hisada, et al., Structure and magnetic properties of FeCo nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 323 (24) (2011) 3184/C0 3188. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.06.029

2011 doi
[98]

Fujita, et al., Cobalt nanorods fully encapsulated in carbon nanotube and magnetization measurements by off-axis electron holography, Appl

T. Fujita, et al., Cobalt nanorods fully encapsulated in carbon nanotube and magnetization measurements by off-axis electron holography, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 (1-4) (2006). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2213202. 243118

2006 doi
[99]

Zhi, et al., GaN-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis and photolumines- cence, Chem

C.Y. Zhi, et al., GaN-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis and photolumines- cence, Chem. Phys. Lett. 381 (5 /C0 6) (2003) 715 /C0 719. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2003.09.141

2003 doi
[100]

Hayashi, et al., Microstructure analyses of metal-filled carbon nano- tubes synthesized by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposi- tion, IEEE Trans

Y. Hayashi, et al., Microstructure analyses of metal-filled carbon nano- tubes synthesized by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposi- tion, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 5 (5) (2006) 485 /C0 490. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/NANOEL.2006.1609696

2006 arXiv
[101]

Zhang, et al., Cu-filled carbon nanotubes by simultaneous plasma- assisted copper incorporation, Appl

G.Y. Zhang, et al., Cu-filled carbon nanotubes by simultaneous plasma- assisted copper incorporation, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (12) (2003) 1926/C0 1928. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1562341

2003 doi
[102]

Qin, et al., Growing carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma- enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Appl

L.C. Qin, et al., Growing carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma- enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 (26) (1998) 3437/C0 3439. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.121658

1998 doi
[103]

T. Kato, et al., Diffusion plasma chemical vapour deposition yielding free- standing individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on a silicon-based flat substrate, Nanotechnology 17 (9) (2006) 2223 /C0 2226. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/9/025

2006 doi
[104]

Li, et al., Preferential growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by a plasma enhanced CVD method, Nano Lett

Y. Li, et al., Preferential growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by a plasma enhanced CVD method, Nano Lett. 4 (2) (2004) 317/C0 321. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl035097c

2004 doi
[105]

Min, et al., Low-temperature growth of single-walled carbon nano- tubes by water plasma chemical vapor deposition, J

Y.S. Min, et al., Low-temperature growth of single-walled carbon nano- tubes by water plasma chemical vapor deposition, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (36) (2005) 12498 /C0 12499. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/ ja054108w

2005
[106]

Bae, et al., Single-walled carbon nanotube growth on glass, Nanotechnology 18 (1) (2007) 1 /C0 5

E.J. Bae, et al., Single-walled carbon nanotube growth on glass, Nanotechnology 18 (1) (2007) 1 /C0 5. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1088/0957-4484/18/1/015601. 015601

2007 doi
[107]

Fukuda, et al., Remote plasma chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes and analysis of plasma effect, IEEE Trans

Y. Fukuda, et al., Remote plasma chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes and analysis of plasma effect, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 39 (11) (2011) 3133/C0 3139. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/ TPS.2011.2164945. PART 2

2011
[108]

Ismagilov, et al., Growth of a carbon nanotube forest on silicon using remote plasma CVD, Chem

R.R. Ismagilov, et al., Growth of a carbon nanotube forest on silicon using remote plasma CVD, Chem. Vap. Deposition 19 (10/C0 12) (2013) 332/C0 337. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/cvde.201207031

2013 doi
[109]

Bae, et al., Low-temperature growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Chem

E.J. Bae, et al., Low-temperature growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Chem. Mater. 17 (20) (2005) 5141/C0 5145. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm050889o

2005 doi
[110]

Derycke, et al., Catalyst-free growth of ordered single-walled carbon nanotube networks, Nano Lett

V. Derycke, et al., Catalyst-free growth of ordered single-walled carbon nanotube networks, Nano Lett. 2 (10) (2002) 1043 /C0 1046. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0256309

2002 doi
[111]

Schneider, et al., Catalyst free growth of a carbon nanotube—alumina composite structure, Inorg

J. Schneider, et al., Catalyst free growth of a carbon nanotube—alumina composite structure, Inorg. Chim. Acta 361 (2008) 1770 /C0 1778. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2006.10.025

2008 doi
[112]

Ru ¨mmeli, et al., Synthesis of carbon nanotubes with and without cat- alyst particles, Nanoscale Res

M.H. Ru ¨mmeli, et al., Synthesis of carbon nanotubes with and without cat- alyst particles, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 6 (1) (2011) 1 /C0 9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-6-303. 303

2011 doi
[113]

Masouleh, et al., Modeling the growth of carbon nanotubes in a float- ing catalyst reactor, Ind

L.S. Masouleh, et al., Modeling the growth of carbon nanotubes in a float- ing catalyst reactor, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (3) (2012) 1143 /C0 1149. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/ie201137j

2012 doi
[114]

Ru ¨mmeli, et al., Oxide-Driven Carbon Nanotube Growth in Supported Catalyst CVD, J

M.H. Ru ¨mmeli, et al., Oxide-Driven Carbon Nanotube Growth in Supported Catalyst CVD, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (51) (2007) 15772/C0 15773. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0779405

2007 doi
[115]

Kuo, et al., Fast rate growth of organized carbon nanotubes by CVD using iron pentacarbonyl as gas-phase catalyst, Chem

D.H. Kuo, et al., Fast rate growth of organized carbon nanotubes by CVD using iron pentacarbonyl as gas-phase catalyst, Chem. Vap. Deposition 12 (6) (2006) 395 /C0 402. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/ cvde.200506408

2006
[116]

Xiang, et al., Encapsulation, compensation, and substitution of catalyst particles during continuous growth of carbon nanotubes, Adv

R. Xiang, et al., Encapsulation, compensation, and substitution of catalyst particles during continuous growth of carbon nanotubes, Adv. Mater. 19 (17) (2007) 2360/C0 2363. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/ adma.200602468.s

2007
[117]

Dateo, et al., Modeling of the HiPco process for carbon nanotube pro- duction

C.E. Dateo, et al., Modeling of the HiPco process for carbon nanotube pro- duction. II. Reactor-scale analysis, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2 (5) (2002) 523/C0 534. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2002.125

2002 doi
[118]

Sen, et al., Carbon nanotubes by the metallocene route, Chem

R. Sen, et al., Carbon nanotubes by the metallocene route, Chem. Phys. Lett. 267 (3 /C0 4) (1997) 276 /C0 280. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0009-2614(97)00080-8

1997
[119]

Cheung, et al., Diameter-controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes, J

C.L. Cheung, et al., Diameter-controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B 106 (10) (2002) 2429 /C0 2433. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1021/jp0142278

2002 doi
[120]

M.A. Ermakova, et al., Decomposition of methane over iron catalysts at the range of moderate temperatures: the influence of structure of the catalytic systems and the reaction conditions on the yield of carbon and morphology of carbon filaments, J. Catal. 201 (2) (2001) 183 /C...

2001
[121]

Pan, et al., Direct growth of aligned open carbon nanotubes by chem- ical vapor deposition, Chem

Z.W. Pan, et al., Direct growth of aligned open carbon nanotubes by chem- ical vapor deposition, Chem. Phys. Lett. 299 (1999) 97 /C0 102. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(98)01240-8. January

1999 doi
[122]

Chen, et al., Growth of carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of CH 4 or CO on a Ni /C0 MgO catalyst, Carbon 35 (10/C0 11) (1997) 1495/C0 1501

P. Chen, et al., Growth of carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of CH 4 or CO on a Ni /C0 MgO catalyst, Carbon 35 (10/C0 11) (1997) 1495/C0 1501. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(97) 00100-0

1997 doi
[123]

Venegoni, et al., Parametric study for the growth of carbon nanotubes by catalytic chemical vapor deposition in a fluidized bed reactor, Carbon 40 (10) (2002) 1799 /C0 1807

D. Venegoni, et al., Parametric study for the growth of carbon nanotubes by catalytic chemical vapor deposition in a fluidized bed reactor, Carbon 40 (10) (2002) 1799 /C0 1807. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008- 6223(02)00057-X

2002 doi
[124]

Ago, et al., Dispersion of metal nanoparticles for aligned carbon nano- tube arrays, Appl

H. Ago, et al., Dispersion of metal nanoparticles for aligned carbon nano- tube arrays, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (1) (2000) 79 /C0 81. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.126883

2000 doi
[125]

Seah, et al., Growth of uniform thin-walled carbon nanotubes with spin-coated Fe catalyst and the correlation between the pre-growth catalyst size and the nanotube diameter, J

C.M. Seah, et al., Growth of uniform thin-walled carbon nanotubes with spin-coated Fe catalyst and the correlation between the pre-growth catalyst size and the nanotube diameter, J. Nanopart. Res. 15 (1) (2013) 1 /C0 10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1371-x. 1371

2013 doi
[126]

Cassell, et al., Combinatorial optimization of heterogeneous catalysts used in the growth of carbon nanotubes, Langmuir 17 (2) (2001) 260 /C0 264

A.M. Cassell, et al., Combinatorial optimization of heterogeneous catalysts used in the growth of carbon nanotubes, Langmuir 17 (2) (2001) 260 /C0 264. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/la001273a

2001 doi
[127]

Dupuis, The catalyst in the CCVD of carbon nanotubes—a review, Prog

A.C. Dupuis, The catalyst in the CCVD of carbon nanotubes—a review, Prog. Mater. Sci. 50 (8) (2005) 929 /C0 961. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.04.003

2005 doi
[128]

Yoon, et al., Growth control of single and multi-walled carbon nano- tubes by thin film catalyst, Chem

Y.J. Yoon, et al., Growth control of single and multi-walled carbon nano- tubes by thin film catalyst, Chem. Phys. Lett. 366 (1 /C0 2) (2002) 109 /C0 114. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01548-8

2002 doi
[129]

Wang, et al., Synthesis of large area aligned carbon nanotube arrays from C 2H2/C0 H2 mixture by RF plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposi- tion, Appl

Y.H. Wang, et al., Synthesis of large area aligned carbon nanotube arrays from C 2H2/C0 H2 mixture by RF plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposi- tion, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 (5) (2001) 680 /C0 682. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1063/1.1390314

2001 doi
[131]

Sengupta, et al., Carbon nanotube synthesis from propane decomposition on a pre-treated ni overlayer, Bull

J. Sengupta, et al., Carbon nanotube synthesis from propane decomposition on a pre-treated ni overlayer, Bull. Mater. Sci. 32 (2) (2009) 135 /C0 140. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-009-0020-1

2009 doi
[132]

Merkulov, et al., Patterned growth of individual and multiple vertically aligned carbon nanofibers, Appl

V.I. Merkulov, et al., Patterned growth of individual and multiple vertically aligned carbon nanofibers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 (24) (2000) 3555 /C0 3557. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.126705

2000 doi
[133]

Gao, et al., Plasma breaking of thin films into nano-sized catalysts for carbon nanotube synthesis, Mater

J.S. Gao, et al., Plasma breaking of thin films into nano-sized catalysts for carbon nanotube synthesis, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 352 (1 /C0 2) (2003) 308/C0 313. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00912-7

2003 doi
[134]

Li, et al., Bottom-up approach for carbon nanotube interconnects, Appl

J. Li, et al., Bottom-up approach for carbon nanotube interconnects, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (15) (2003) 2491/C0 2493. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1063/1.1566791

2003 doi
[135]

Han, et al., Growth and emission characteristics of vertically well- aligned carbon nanotubes grown on glass substrate by hot filament plasma- enhanced chemical vapor deposition, J

J.H. Han, et al., Growth and emission characteristics of vertically well- aligned carbon nanotubes grown on glass substrate by hot filament plasma- enhanced chemical vapor deposition, J. Appl. Phys. 88 (7363) (2000) 7363/C0 7365. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1322378

2000 doi
[136]

Hofmeister, et al., Carbon nanotube growth from Cu /C0 Co alloys for field emission applications, J

W. Hofmeister, et al., Carbon nanotube growth from Cu /C0 Co alloys for field emission applications, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 22 (3) (2004) 1286/C0 1289. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/IVMC.2003.1223026

2004 arXiv
[137]

Sengupta, et al., A comparative study of the synthesis of carbon nano- tubes using Ni and Fe as catalyst, Adv

J. Sengupta, et al., A comparative study of the synthesis of carbon nano- tubes using Ni and Fe as catalyst, Adv. Mater. Res. 67 (2009) 89 /C0 94. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.67.89

2009 doi
[138]

Liao, et al., Effect of catalyst composition on carbon nanotube growth, Appl

X.Z. Liao, et al., Effect of catalyst composition on carbon nanotube growth, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 (16) (2003) 2694 /C0 2696. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1569655

2003 doi
[140]

Takagi, et al., Single-walled carbon nanotube growth from highly acti- vated metal nanoparticles, Nano Lett

D. Takagi, et al., Single-walled carbon nanotube growth from highly acti- vated metal nanoparticles, Nano Lett. 6 (12) (2006) 2642 /C0 2645. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl061797g

2006 doi
[141]

Takagi, et al., Carbon nanotube growth from semiconductor nanoparti- cles, Nano Lett

D. Takagi, et al., Carbon nanotube growth from semiconductor nanoparti- cles, Nano Lett. 7 (8) (2007) 2272 /C0 2275. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1021/nl0708011

2007 doi
[142]

Takagi, et al., Carbon nanotube growth from diamond, J

D. Takagi, et al., Carbon nanotube growth from diamond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (20) (2009) 6922 /C0 6923. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/ ja901295j

2009
[143]

Han, et al., Template-free directional growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on a- and R-plane sapphire, J

S. Han, et al., Template-free directional growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on a- and R-plane sapphire, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (15) (2005) 5294/C0 5295. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja042544x

2005 doi
[144]

Huang, et al., Metal-catalyst-free growth of single-walled carbon nano- tubes on substrates, J

S. Huang, et al., Metal-catalyst-free growth of single-walled carbon nano- tubes on substrates, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (6) (2009) 2094 /C0 2095. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja809635s

2009 doi
[147]

Hu, et al., Growth of high-density horizontally aligned SWNT arrays using Trojan catalysts, Nat

Y. Hu, et al., Growth of high-density horizontally aligned SWNT arrays using Trojan catalysts, Nat. Commun. 6 (2015) 6099. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7099

2015 doi
[148]

Kumar, et al., Chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes: a review on growth mechanism and mass production, J

M. Kumar, et al., Chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes: a review on growth mechanism and mass production, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10 (6) (2010) 3739/C0 3758. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1166/ jnn.2010.2939

2010
[149]

Bai, et al., Effects of temperature and catalyst concentration on the growth of aligned carbon nanotubes, Tsinghua Sci

X. Bai, et al., Effects of temperature and catalyst concentration on the growth of aligned carbon nanotubes, Tsinghua Sci. Technol. 10 (6) (2005) 729/C0 735. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1007-0214(05)70142-5

2005 doi
[150]

Cao, et al., Effects of ferrite catalyst concentration and water vapor on growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotube, Adv

T.T. Cao, et al., Effects of ferrite catalyst concentration and water vapor on growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotube, Adv. Nat. Sci.: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 5 (4) (2014) 1 /C0 6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/ 2043-6262/5/4/045009. 045009

2014
[151]

Sangwan, et al., Controlled growth, patterning and placement of car- bon nanotube thin films, Solid State Electron

V.K. Sangwan, et al., Controlled growth, patterning and placement of car- bon nanotube thin films, Solid State Electron. 54 (10) (2010) 1204 /C0 1210. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2010.05.027

2010 doi
[152]

Homma, et al., Single-walled carbon nanotube growth on silicon sub- strates using nanoparticle catalysts, Jpn

Y. Homma, et al., Single-walled carbon nanotube growth on silicon sub- strates using nanoparticle catalysts, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41 (2002) L89/C0 L91. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.41.L89. no. Part 2, No. 1A/B

2002 doi
[153]

Murakami, et al., Raman study of SWNTs grown by CCVD method on SiC, Thin Solid Films (2004) 319 /C0 322

T. Murakami, et al., Raman study of SWNTs grown by CCVD method on SiC, Thin Solid Films (2004) 319 /C0 322. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.06.037. 464/C0 465

2004 doi
[154]

Liu, et al., Carbon nanotube and carbon nanofiber composite films grown on different graphite substrate for capacitive deionization, Desalin

Y. Liu, et al., Carbon nanotube and carbon nanofiber composite films grown on different graphite substrate for capacitive deionization, Desalin. Water Treat. 51 (19/C0 21) (2013) 3988/C0 3994. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1080/19443994.2013.795020

2013
[155]

Kumar, et al., A simple method of producing aligned carbon nanotubes from an unconventional precursor—camphor, Chem

M. Kumar, et al., A simple method of producing aligned carbon nanotubes from an unconventional precursor—camphor, Chem. Phys. Lett. 374 (5 /C0 6) (2003) 521 /C0 526. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(03) 00742-5

2003 doi
[156]

Liu, et al., The growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on a silica substrate without using a metal catalyst, Carbon 48 (1) (2010) 114 /C0 122

H. Liu, et al., The growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on a silica substrate without using a metal catalyst, Carbon 48 (1) (2010) 114 /C0 122. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.08.039

2010 doi
[157]

Hou, et al., Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method, Chin

P.X. Hou, et al., Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method, Chin. Sci. Bull. 57 (2 /C0 3) (2012) 187 /C0 204. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4892-2

2012 doi
[159]

Ward, et al., Substrate effects on the growth of carbon nanotubes by thermal decomposition of methane, Chem

J.W. Ward, et al., Substrate effects on the growth of carbon nanotubes by thermal decomposition of methane, Chem. Phys. Lett. 376 (5 /C0 6) (2003) 717/C0 725. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(03)01067-4

2003 doi
[160]

Couteau, et al., CVD synthesis of high-purity multiwalled carbon nano- tubes using CaCO 3 catalyst support for large-scale production, Chem

E. Couteau, et al., CVD synthesis of high-purity multiwalled carbon nano- tubes using CaCO 3 catalyst support for large-scale production, Chem. Phys. Lett. 378 (1 /C0 2) (2003) 9 /C0 17. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)01218-1

2003 doi
[161]

Willems, et al., Control of the outer diameter of thin carbon nanotubes synthesized by catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons, Chem

I. Willems, et al., Control of the outer diameter of thin carbon nanotubes synthesized by catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons, Chem. Phys. Lett. 317 (1 /C0 2) (2000) 71/C0 76. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009- 2614(99)01300-7

2000 doi
[162]

Szabo ´ , et al., Wash and Go’: sodium chloride as an easily removable catalyst support for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, PhysChemComm 6 (10) (2003) 40 /C0 41

A. Szabo ´ , et al., Wash and Go’: sodium chloride as an easily removable catalyst support for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, PhysChemComm 6 (10) (2003) 40 /C0 41. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1039/b305670h

2003 doi
[163]

Talapatra, et al., Direct growth of aligned carbon nanotubes on bulk metals, Nat

S. Talapatra, et al., Direct growth of aligned carbon nanotubes on bulk metals, Nat. Nanotechnol. 1 (2) (2006) 112 /C0 116. Available from: https:// doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2006.56

2006 doi
[166]

Su, et al., Lattice-oriented growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J

M. Su, et al., Lattice-oriented growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B 104 (28) (2000) 6505 /C0 6508. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1021/jp0012404

2000 doi
[167]

Maret, et al., Oriented growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on a MgO(0 0 1) surface, Carbon 45 (1) (2007) 180 /C0 187

M. Maret, et al., Oriented growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on a MgO(0 0 1) surface, Carbon 45 (1) (2007) 180 /C0 187. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2006.07.016

2007 doi
[168]

He, et al., Growth of carbon nanotubes in six orthogonal directions on spherical alumina microparticles, Carbon 49 (7) (2011) 2273 /C0 2286

D. He, et al., Growth of carbon nanotubes in six orthogonal directions on spherical alumina microparticles, Carbon 49 (7) (2011) 2273 /C0 2286. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.01.060

2011 doi
[169]

Ghosh, et al., Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes on graphene layers, Chem

R. Ghosh, et al., Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes on graphene layers, Chem. Comm. 51 (2015) 8974 /C0 8977. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1039/C5CC02208H

2015 doi
[171]

Chhowalla, et al., Growth process conditions of vertically aligned car- bon nanotubes using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, J

M. Chhowalla, et al., Growth process conditions of vertically aligned car- bon nanotubes using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, J. Appl. Phys. 90 (10) (2001) 5308/C0 5317. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/ 1.1410322

2001
[172]

Nihei, et al., Direct diameter-controlled growth of multiwall carbon nanotubes on nickel-silicide layer, Jpn

M. Nihei, et al., Direct diameter-controlled growth of multiwall carbon nanotubes on nickel-silicide layer, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 (2003) L721/C0 L723. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.42.L721. Part 2, 6B

2003 doi
[173]

Zhang, et al., Ultra-high-yield growth of vertical single-walled carbon nanotubes: hidden roles of hydrogen and oxygen, Proc

G. Zhang, et al., Ultra-high-yield growth of vertical single-walled carbon nanotubes: hidden roles of hydrogen and oxygen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S.A. 102 (45) (2005) 16141 /C0 16145. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1073/pnas.0507064102

2005 doi
[174]

T. Tsuji, et al., Unexpected efficient synthesis of millimeter-scale single- wall carbon nanotube forests using a sputtered MgO catalyst underlayer enabled by a simple treatment process, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 (51) (2016) 16608/C0 16611. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/...

2016 doi
[175]

Hart, Alexander H

A.J. Hart, Alexander H. Slocum, Rapid growth and flow-mediated nucle- ation of millimeter-scale aligned carbon nanotube structures from a thin- film catalyst, J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (16) (2006) 8250 /C0 8257. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp055498b

2006 doi
[176]

Lee, et al., Temperature effect on the growth of carbon nanotubes using thermal chemical vapor deposition, Chem

C.J. Lee, et al., Temperature effect on the growth of carbon nanotubes using thermal chemical vapor deposition, Chem. Phys. Lett. 343 (1 /C0 2) (2001) 33 /C0 38. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(01) 00680-7

2001 doi
[177]

Li, et al., Effect of temperature on growth and structure of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition, Appl

W.Z. Li, et al., Effect of temperature on growth and structure of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 74 (2002) 397 /C0 402. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s003390201284

2002
[178]

Li, et al., Effect of gas pressure on the growth and structure of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition, Appl

W.Z. Li, et al., Effect of gas pressure on the growth and structure of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 73 (2001) 259 /C0 264. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/ s003390100916

2001
[179]

B. Ganjipour, et al., Effect of pressure on morphology of the grown layers of carbon nanotubes by modified plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposi- tion, Fullerenes Nanotubes Carbon Nanostruct. 13 (2005) 365 /C0 373. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1081/Fst-200039354. no. January

2005 doi
[180]

Singh, et al., Production of controlled architectures of aligned carbon nanotubes by an injection chemical vapour deposition method, Carbon 41 (2) (2003) 359 /C0 368

C. Singh, et al., Production of controlled architectures of aligned carbon nanotubes by an injection chemical vapour deposition method, Carbon 41 (2) (2003) 359 /C0 368. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223 (02)00314-7

2003 doi
[181]

Escobar, et al., Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by CVD: effect of acety- lene pressure on nanotubes characteristics, Appl

M. Escobar, et al., Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by CVD: effect of acety- lene pressure on nanotubes characteristics, Appl. Surf. Sci. 254 (1) (2007) 251/C0 256. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.07.044. SPEC. ISS

2007 doi
[183]

Sengupta, et al., Pre-heating effect on the catalytic growth of partially filled carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition, J

J. Sengupta, et al., Pre-heating effect on the catalytic growth of partially filled carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10 (2010) 3064 /C0 3071. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1166/jnn.2010.2168. no. May

2010
[184]

Sengupta, et al., Effect of growth temperature on the CVD grown Fe filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes using a modified photoresist, Mater

J. Sengupta, et al., Effect of growth temperature on the CVD grown Fe filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes using a modified photoresist, Mater. Res. Bull. 45 (9) (2010) 1189 /C0 1193. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.materresbull.2010.05.017

2010 doi
[185]

Baker, et al., Nucleation and growth of carbon deposits from the nickel catalyzed decomposition of acetylene, J

R.T.K. Baker, et al., Nucleation and growth of carbon deposits from the nickel catalyzed decomposition of acetylene, J. Catal. 26 (1) (1972) 51/C0 62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(72)90032-2

1972 doi
[186]

Azam, et al., Aligned carbon nanotube from catalytic chemical vapor deposition technique for energy storage device: a review, Ionics 19 (11) (2013) 1455/C0 1476

M.A. Azam, et al., Aligned carbon nanotube from catalytic chemical vapor deposition technique for energy storage device: a review, Ionics 19 (11) (2013) 1455/C0 1476. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-013- 0979-x

2013 doi
[187]

Bellavitis, et al., The role of dislocations at the catalyst-wall inter- face in carbon nanotube growth, J

L.M.D. Bellavitis, et al., The role of dislocations at the catalyst-wall inter- face in carbon nanotube growth, J. Phys. Chem. C 111 (6) (2007) 2623/C0 2630. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0654617

2007 doi
[188]

Vinciguerra, et al., Growth mechanisms in chemical vapour deposited carbon nanotubes, Nanotechnology 14 (6) (2003) 655 /C0 660

V. Vinciguerra, et al., Growth mechanisms in chemical vapour deposited carbon nanotubes, Nanotechnology 14 (6) (2003) 655 /C0 660. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/14/6/317

2003 doi
[189]

Yang, et al., Evidence for temperature-driven carbon diffusion mecha- nism of coke deposition on catalysts, J

R.T. Yang, et al., Evidence for temperature-driven carbon diffusion mecha- nism of coke deposition on catalysts, J. Catal. 93 (1) (1985) 182 /C0 185. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(85)90161-7

1985 doi
[190]

Nielsen, et al., Mechanisms of carbon formation, J

J.R. Nielsen, et al., Mechanisms of carbon formation, J. Catal. 48 (8) (1977) 155/C0 165. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(77)90087-2

1977 doi
[191]

Baker, Catalytic growth of carbon filaments, Carbon 27 (3) (1989) 315/C0 323

R.T.K. Baker, Catalytic growth of carbon filaments, Carbon 27 (3) (1989) 315/C0 323. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(89)90062-6

1989 doi
[192]

Massaro, et al., Bulk diffusion of carbon-14 through polycrystalline nickel foil between 350 and 700 /C14 C, J

T.A. Massaro, et al., Bulk diffusion of carbon-14 through polycrystalline nickel foil between 350 and 700 /C14 C, J. Appl. Phys. 42 (13) (1971) 5534/C0 5539. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1659976

1971 doi
[193]

Baird, et al., Carbon formation on iron and nickel foils by hydrocarbon pyrolysis-reactions at 700 /C14 C, Carbon 12 (5) (1974) 591 /C0 602

T. Baird, et al., Carbon formation on iron and nickel foils by hydrocarbon pyrolysis-reactions at 700 /C14 C, Carbon 12 (5) (1974) 591 /C0 602. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(74)90060-8

1974 doi
[194]

Helveg, et al., Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth, Nature 427 (2004) 426 /C0 429

S. Helveg, et al., Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth, Nature 427 (2004) 426 /C0 429. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/ nature02308.1. no. January

2004
[195]

Zhang, et al., Selective growth of metal-free metallic and semiconduct- ing single-wall carbon nanotubes, Adv

L. Zhang, et al., Selective growth of metal-free metallic and semiconduct- ing single-wall carbon nanotubes, Adv. Mater. 29 (1-9) (2017). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201605719. 1605719

2017 doi
[196]

Liu, et al., Controlled growth of semiconducting and metallic single- wall carbon nanotubes, J

C. Liu, et al., Controlled growth of semiconducting and metallic single- wall carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 (21) (2016) 6690 /C0 6698. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b00838

2016 doi
[197]

Kim, et al., Aspect ratio control of acid modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Curr

D.Y. Kim, et al., Aspect ratio control of acid modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Curr. Appl. Phys. 10 (4) (2010) 1046 /C0 1052. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2009.12.038

2010 doi
[198]

Valencia, et al., Controlled synthesis of single-chirality carbon nano- tubes, Nature 512 (7512) (2014) 61 /C0 64

J.R.S. Valencia, et al., Controlled synthesis of single-chirality carbon nano- tubes, Nature 512 (7512) (2014) 61 /C0 64. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1038/nature13607

2014 doi
[199]

Rao, et al., In situ evidence for chirality-dependent growth rates of indi- vidual carbon nanotubes, Nat

R. Rao, et al., In situ evidence for chirality-dependent growth rates of indi- vidual carbon nanotubes, Nat. Mater. 11 (3) (2012) 213 /C0 216. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3231

2012 doi
[200]

Liu, et al., Chirality-controlled synthesis and applications of single-wall carbon nanotubes, ACS Nano 11 (1) (2017) 31 /C0 53

B. Liu, et al., Chirality-controlled synthesis and applications of single-wall carbon nanotubes, ACS Nano 11 (1) (2017) 31 /C0 53. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b06900

2017 doi
[201]

Zhang, et al., Arrays of horizontal carbon nanotubes of controlled chiral- ity grown using designed catalysts, Nature 543 (7644) (2017) 234 /C0 238

S. Zhang, et al., Arrays of horizontal carbon nanotubes of controlled chiral- ity grown using designed catalysts, Nature 543 (7644) (2017) 234 /C0 238. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21051

2017 doi
[202]

Xu, et al., Alignment control of carbon nanotube forest from random to nearly perfectly aligned by utilizing the crowding effect, ACS Nano 6 (7) (2012) 5837/C0 5844

M. Xu, et al., Alignment control of carbon nanotube forest from random to nearly perfectly aligned by utilizing the crowding effect, ACS Nano 6 (7) (2012) 5837/C0 5844. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/nn300142j

2012 doi
[203]

Choi, et al., Length controlled in-plane synthesis of aligned carbon nano- tube array by micromechanical spring, Proc

J. Choi, et al., Length controlled in-plane synthesis of aligned carbon nano- tube array by micromechanical spring, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Micro Electro Mech. Syst. (MEMS) (2012) 1324 /C0 1327. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1109/MEMSYS.2012.6170402. February

2012
[204]

Park, et al., Synthesis of aligned and length-controlled carbon nano- tubes by chemical vapor deposition, Carbon Lett

Y.S. Park, et al., Synthesis of aligned and length-controlled carbon nano- tubes by chemical vapor deposition, Carbon Lett. 14 (2) (2013) 99 /C0 104. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2013.14.2.099

2013 doi
[205]

Chen, et al., Diameter control of single-walled carbon nanotube forests from 1.3 /C0 3.0nm by arc plasma deposition, Sci

G. Chen, et al., Diameter control of single-walled carbon nanotube forests from 1.3 /C0 3.0nm by arc plasma deposition, Sci. Rep. 4 (1) (2015) 3804. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03804

2015 doi
[207]

Baliyan, et al., Synthesis of diameter controlled carbon nanotubes using self-assembled catalyst nanoparticles, Chem

A. Baliyan, et al., Synthesis of diameter controlled carbon nanotubes using self-assembled catalyst nanoparticles, Chem. Phys. Lett. 519 /C0 520 (2012) 78/C0 82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2011.11.036

2012 doi
[208]

Picher, et al., Influence of the growth conditions on the defect density of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Carbon 50 (7) (2012) 2407 /C0 2416

M. Picher, et al., Influence of the growth conditions on the defect density of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Carbon 50 (7) (2012) 2407 /C0 2416. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.01.055

2012 doi
[209]

Rao, et al., Chiral angle-dependent defect evolution in CVD-grown sin- gle-walled carbon nanotubes, Carbon 95 (2015) 287 /C0 291

R. Rao, et al., Chiral angle-dependent defect evolution in CVD-grown sin- gle-walled carbon nanotubes, Carbon 95 (2015) 287 /C0 291. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.049

2015 doi
[210]

Yang, et al., Precise control of the number of walls formed during carbon nanotube growth using chemical vapor deposition, Nanotechnology 23 (6) (2012) 65604

H.S. Yang, et al., Precise control of the number of walls formed during carbon nanotube growth using chemical vapor deposition, Nanotechnology 23 (6) (2012) 65604. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/ 23/6/065604

2012 doi
[211]

Baliyan, et al., Precise control of the number of walls of carbon nano- tubes of a uniform internal diameter, J

A. Baliyan, et al., Precise control of the number of walls of carbon nano- tubes of a uniform internal diameter, J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (1) (2013) 683/C0 686. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp309894s

2013 doi
[212]

Nikolaev, et al., Discovery of wall-selective carbon nanotube growth conditions via automated experimentation, ACS Nano 8 (10) (2014) 10214/C0 10222

P. Nikolaev, et al., Discovery of wall-selective carbon nanotube growth conditions via automated experimentation, ACS Nano 8 (10) (2014) 10214/C0 10222. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/nn503347a

2014 doi
[213]

Zhang, et al., In situ TEM observations on the sulfur-assisted catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes, J

L. Zhang, et al., In situ TEM observations on the sulfur-assisted catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 (8) (2014) 1427/C0 1432. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/jz500419r

2014 doi
[215]

Zakharov, et al., Fast imaging of carbon nanotube nucleation and growth processes using environmental TEM, Microsc

D.N. Zakharov, et al., Fast imaging of carbon nanotube nucleation and growth processes using environmental TEM, Microsc. Microanal. 20 (S3) (2014) 1552/C0 1553. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/ S1431927614009490

2014
[216]

Ding, et al., Dislocation theory of chirality-controlled nanotube growth, Proc

F. Ding, et al., Dislocation theory of chirality-controlled nanotube growth, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (8) (2009) 2506 /C0 2509. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811946106

2009 doi
[217]

Artyukhov, et al., Why nanotubes grow chiral, Nat

V.I. Artyukhov, et al., Why nanotubes grow chiral, Nat. Commun. 5 (1-6) (2014) 4892. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5892

2014 doi
[218]

Bedewy, et al., Population growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes, ACS Nano 5 (11) (2011) 8974 /C0 8989

M. Bedewy, et al., Population growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes, ACS Nano 5 (11) (2011) 8974 /C0 8989. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/ nn203144f

2011
[219]

Khalilov, et al., Atomic scale simulation of carbon nanotube nucleation from hydrocarbon precursors, Nat

U. Khalilov, et al., Atomic scale simulation of carbon nanotube nucleation from hydrocarbon precursors, Nat. Commun. 6 (1-7) (2015). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10306. 10306

2015 doi
[220]

Amara, et al., Understanding the nucleation mechanisms of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapor deposition, Phys

H. Amara, et al., Understanding the nucleation mechanisms of carbon nanotubes in catalytic chemical vapor deposition, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (5) (2008) 1 /C0 4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevLett.100.056105. 056105

2008
[221]

Plata, et al., Early evaluation of potential environmental impacts of carbon nanotube synthesis by chemical vapor deposition, Environ

D.L. Plata, et al., Early evaluation of potential environmental impacts of carbon nanotube synthesis by chemical vapor deposition, Environ. Sc. Technol. 43 (21) (2009) 8367/C0 8373. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1021/es901626p

2009 doi
[222]

Yamamoto, et al., Thermal decomposition products of various carbon sources in chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotube, Diamond Relat

Y. Yamamoto, et al., Thermal decomposition products of various carbon sources in chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotube, Diamond Relat. Mater. 75 (2017) 1 /C0 5. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.diamond.2016.11.017

2017 doi
[223]

Vivekanandhan, et al., Carbon nanotubes from renewable feedstocks: a move toward sustainable nanofabrication, J

S. Vivekanandhan, et al., Carbon nanotubes from renewable feedstocks: a move toward sustainable nanofabrication, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 134 (4) (2017) 1/C0 15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44255

2017 doi
[224]

Kumar, et al., Carbon nanotubes from camphor: an environment- friendly nanotechnology, J

M. Kumar, et al., Carbon nanotubes from camphor: an environment- friendly nanotechnology, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 61 (2007) 643 /C0 646. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/61/1/129

2007 doi
[225]

Paul, et al., A green precursor for carbon nanotube synthesis, New Carbon Mater

S. Paul, et al., A green precursor for carbon nanotube synthesis, New Carbon Mater. 26 (2) (2011). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1872-5805(11)60068-1.8 5/C0 s88

2011
[226]

D.L. Plata, et al., Multiple alkynes react with ethylene to enhance carbon nanotube synthesis, suggesting a polymerization-like formation mecha- nism, ACS Nano 4 (12) (2010) 7185 /C0 7192. Available from: https://doi. org/10.1021/nn101842g

2010 doi
[227]

Almkhelfe, et al., Catalytic CVD growth of millimeter-tall single-wall carbon nanotube carpets using industrial gaseous waste as a feedstock, Carbon 116 (2017) 181 /C0 190

H. Almkhelfe, et al., Catalytic CVD growth of millimeter-tall single-wall carbon nanotube carpets using industrial gaseous waste as a feedstock, Carbon 116 (2017) 181 /C0 190. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. carbon.2017.01.096

2017 doi
[228]

Fathy, Carbon nanotubes synthesis using carbonization of pretreated rice straw through chemical vapor deposition of camphor, RSC Adv 7 (45) (2017) 28535/C0 28541

N.A. Fathy, Carbon nanotubes synthesis using carbonization of pretreated rice straw through chemical vapor deposition of camphor, RSC Adv 7 (45) (2017) 28535/C0 28541. Available from:https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA04882C

2017 doi
[229]

Ishikawa, et al., Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes at tempera- tures below 300 /C14 C by hot-filament assisted chemical vapor deposition, Jpn

Y. Ishikawa, et al., Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes at tempera- tures below 300 /C14 C by hot-filament assisted chemical vapor deposition, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44 (2005) L394. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1143/JJAP.44.L394

2005 doi
[230]

Grobert, Nanotubes—Grow or go? Mater

N. Grobert, Nanotubes—Grow or go? Mater. Today 9 (10) (2006) 64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71680-7

2006 doi
[231]

Zhang, et al., Controlled synthesis of ultralong carbon nanotubes with perfect structures and extraordinary properties, Acc

R. Zhang, et al., Controlled synthesis of ultralong carbon nanotubes with perfect structures and extraordinary properties, Acc. Chem. Res. 50 (2) (2017) 179 /C0 189. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs. accounts.6b00430

2017 doi
[232]

realizing the promise of carbon nanotubes challenges, opportunities, and the pathway to commercialization

National Science and Technology Council, Committee on technology, “realizing the promise of carbon nanotubes challenges, opportunities, and the pathway to commercialization”, in: Technical Interchange Proceedings, (2014) 1/C0 30

2014

Pith tools

Reviewed August 14, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.

[1] [145]

Deck, et al., Prediction of carbon nanotube growth success by the analysis of carbon-catalyst binary phase diagrams, Carbon 44 (2) (2006) 267/C0 275

C.P. Deck, et al., Prediction of carbon nanotube growth success by the analysis of carbon-catalyst binary phase diagrams, Carbon 44 (2) (2006) 267/C0 275. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2005.07.023

work page doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2005.07.023 2006

[2] [146]

Yuan, et al., Horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotube on quartz from a large variety of metal catalysts, Nano Lett

D. Yuan, et al., Horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotube on quartz from a large variety of metal catalysts, Nano Lett. 8 (8) (2008) 2576/C0 2579. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl801007r.s

work page doi:10.1021/nl801007r.s 2008

[3] [165]

Li Qingwen, et al., A scalable CVD synthesis of high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes with porous MgO as support material, J. Mater. Chem. 12 (4) (2002) 1179 /C0 1183. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/ b109763f

2002

[4] [1]

Cheng, et al., Nano /C0 bio effects: interaction of nanomaterials with cells, Nanoscale 5 (9) (2013) 3547 /C0 3569

C. Cheng, et al., Nano /C0 bio effects: interaction of nanomaterials with cells, Nanoscale 5 (9) (2013) 3547 /C0 3569. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1039/C3NR34276J

work page doi:10.1039/c3nr34276j 2013

[5] [2]

Chen, et al., High H 2 uptake by alkali-doped carbon nanotubes under ambient pressure and moderate temperatures, Science 285 (5424) (1999) 91/C0 93

P. Chen, et al., High H 2 uptake by alkali-doped carbon nanotubes under ambient pressure and moderate temperatures, Science 285 (5424) (1999) 91/C0 93. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5424.91

work page doi:10.1126/science.285.5424.91 1999

[6] [3]

Dai, et al., Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy, Nature 384 (6605) (1996) 147 /C0 150

H. Dai, et al., Nanotubes as nanoprobes in scanning probe microscopy, Nature 384 (6605) (1996) 147 /C0 150. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1038/384147a0

work page doi:10.1038/384147a0 1996

[7] [4]

Saito, et al., Conical beams from open nanotubes, Nature 389 (6651) (1997) 554/C0 555

Y. Saito, et al., Conical beams from open nanotubes, Nature 389 (6651) (1997) 554/C0 555. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/39221

work page doi:10.1038/39221 1997

[8] [5]

Tans, et al., Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nano- tube, Nature 393 (6680) (1998) 669 /C0 672

S.J. Tans, et al., Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nano- tube, Nature 393 (6680) (1998) 669 /C0 672. Available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1038/29954

work page doi:10.1038/29954 1998