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Cosmological Constraint on Dark Photon from $N_{\rm eff}$

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arxiv 1912.12152 v3 pith:MX7N77KI submitted 2019-12-27 hep-ph

classification hep-ph
keywords photondarkconstraintcosmologicalmathcalneutrinoaccordinglyannihilation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

A new U(1) gauge symmetry is the simplest extension of the Standard Model and has various theoretical and phenomenological motivations. In this paper, we study the cosmological constraint on the MeV scale dark photon. After the neutrino decoupling era at $T = \mathcal{O}(1)\,$MeV, the decay and annihilation of the dark photon heats up the electron and photon plasma and accordingly decreases the effective number of neutrino $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in the recombination era. We derive a conservative lower-limit of the dark photon mass around 8.5 MeV from the current Planck data if the mixing between the dark photon and ordinary photon is larger than $\mathcal{O}(10^{-9})$. We also find that the future CMB stage-$\rm I\! V$ experiments can probe up to 17 MeV dark photon.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Light Dark Matter Discovery Potential and Model Selection at LDMX

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    LDMX Phase II is projected to discover R=2.5 thermal complex-scalar DM at 5σ and to discriminate dark-photon electromagnetic-moment models via 2D Bayes factors.

  2. Probing Dark Photons from Nuclear De-excitation in Reactor Neutrino Experiment

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Nuclear de-excitation in reactors produces on-shell dark photons up to nuclear transition energies, yielding stronger TEXONO limits on ε than Compton-like production for 0.1 MeV < m_A' < 6.9 MeV.

  3. Dark Photons in the Early Universe: From Thermal Production to Cosmological Constraints

    hep-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Dark photon thermal production is computed analytically, yielding a fixed 4πe/27 ≈ 0.14 resonance-to-inverse-decay ratio and new cosmological limits down to ε~10^-12 over 0.1–6 MeV.

  4. Consistent $N_{\rm eff}$ fitting in big bang nucleosynthesis analysis

    hep-ph 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Conventional BBN fitting for negative Delta N_eff is unphysical; a consistent treatment via entropy dilution after neutrino decoupling yields significantly different bounds.

  5. Dark Photons from Red Dwarfs

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Red dwarf mass-radius data from eclipsing binaries combined with dark-photon-inclusive evolution simulations produce competitive constraints on light dark photons.

  6. Direct Detection and Cosmological Constraints of Dark Matter with Dark Dipoles

    hep-ph 2026-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Cosmological and direct-detection data already exclude most sub-GeV dark-matter parameter space for dark-photon magnetic dipole interactions, with semiconductor detectors needed to probe the remaining electric-dipole ...

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