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Combining GHOST and Casper

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arxiv 2003.03052 v3 pith:W6G35DFI submitted 2020-03-06 cs.CR

Vitalik Buterin , Diego Hernandez , Thor Kamphefner , Khiem Pham , Zhi Qiao , Danny Ryan , Juhyeok Sin , Ying Wang
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Yan X Zhang
This is my paper · ORCID
classification cs.CR
keywords casperghostlivenessprotocolassumptionsbeaconchaincombines
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We present "Gasper," a proof-of-stake-based consensus protocol, which is an idealized version of the proposed Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain. The protocol combines Casper FFG, a finality tool, with LMD GHOST, a fork-choice rule. We prove safety, plausible liveness, and probabilistic liveness under different sets of assumptions.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. From Permissioned to Proof-of-Stake Consensus

    cs.CR 2025-06 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

    A generic compiler transforms any permissioned consensus protocol into a proof-of-stake permissionless protocol with the same fault tolerance, plus accountability.

  2. Duet: Co-Optimizing P2P Message Propagation and Rotating-Leader Consensus

    cs.DC 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Recorded network geography lets Duet rotate proposers in latency order and broadcast blocks over latency-aware trees with a gossip fallback driven by consensus votes, yielding up to 7.26× peak throughput over gossip o...

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