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Transverse momentum fluctuations and their correlation with elliptic flow in nuclear collision
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abstract
We propose observables $v_0$ and $v_0(p_T)$ which quantify the relative fluctuations in the total transverse momentum at fixed multiplicity. We first study the factorization of the fixed multiplicity momentum dependent two particle correlation function into a product of $v_0(p_T^a)$ and $v_0(p_T^b)$ within realistic hydrodynamic simulations. Then we present computations of $v_0(p_T)$ for different particle types. We determine the relation between the integrated $v_0$ and previously measured observables, and compare results from a hybrid hydrodynamics based model to experimental data. The effects of bulk viscosity and an initial pre-equilibrium stage on the results are quantified. We find that $v_0$ is strongly correlated with the initial state entropy per elliptic area, $S/A$. Using this result, we explain how the observed correlations between the elliptic flow and the transverse momentum (both in simulations and experiment) reflect the initial state correlations between $1/A$ and ellipticity $\varepsilon_2$ at fixed multiplicity. We argue that the systematic experimental study of $v_0$, with the same sophistication as used for the other $v_n$, can contribute significantly to our understanding of quark gluon plasma properties.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Thermal and geometric normal modes of spectral fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
Rotated PCA of simulated Pb+Pb spectra separates spectral fluctuations into a coherent thermal mode that fully explains v0(pT) and a double-node geometric mode that drives the low-pT sign change of v02(pT).
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Extracting the speed of sound of QCD from transverse momentum fluctuations
From ATLAS data on transverse-momentum fluctuations in ultra-central Pb+Pb collisions, the QGP speed of sound is extracted as 0.496 ± 0.008 at 221 ± 13 MeV, matching lattice QCD.
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Enhanced hydrodynamic predictions for $v_{02}(p_T)$
Ideal hydrodynamics plus a v2-fitted correction predicts v02(pT): a high-pT decrease for charged hadrons, meson-baryon splitting, and a non-monotonic proton v02 in mid-central Pb+Pb.
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Correlation between particle spectra and elliptic flow
A new three-particle observable, v02(pT), correlates the hadron spectrum with elliptic flow and is predicted to show a mass-ordering inversion at low pT in Pb+Pb collisions.
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Study of $p_\mathrm{T}$-differential radial flow in blast-wave model
A blast-wave model with Gaussian event-by-event fluctuations reproduces ALICE v0(pT) data and yields systematically higher freeze-out temperatures than conventional pT-spectra fits.
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Few is different: deciphering many-body dynamics in mesoscopic quantum gases
A workshop report mapping the size, equilibrium, and interaction frontiers of hydrodynamic behavior in mesoscopic quantum systems, connecting few-atom Fermi gases and high-energy small collision systems.
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