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New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the European Spallation Source
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New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the European Spallation Source
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The violation of Baryon Number, $\mathcal{B}$, is an essential ingredient for the preferential creation of matter over antimatter needed to account for the observed baryon asymmetry in the universe. However, such a process has yet to be experimentally observed. The HIBEAM/NNBAR %experiment program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source (ESS) to search for baryon number violation. The program will include high-sensitivity searches for processes that violate baryon number by one or two units: free neutron-antineutron oscillation ($n\rightarrow \bar{n}$) via mixing, neutron-antineutron oscillation via regeneration from a sterile neutron state ($n\rightarrow [n',\bar{n}'] \rightarrow \bar{n}$), and neutron disappearance ($n\rightarrow n'$); the effective $\Delta \mathcal{B}=0$ process of neutron regeneration ($n\rightarrow [n',\bar{n}'] \rightarrow n$) is also possible. The program can be used to discover and characterise mixing in the neutron, antineutron, and sterile neutron sectors. The experiment addresses topical open questions such as the origins of baryogenesis, the nature of dark matter, and is sensitive to scales of new physics substantially in excess of those available at colliders. A goal of the program is to open a discovery window to neutron conversion probabilities (sensitivities) by up to three orders of magnitude compared with previous searches. The opportunity to make such a leap in sensitivity tests should not be squandered. The experiment pulls together a diverse international team of physicists from the particle (collider and low energy) and nuclear physics communities, while also including specialists in neutronics and magnetics.
Forward citations
Cited by 3 Pith papers
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EFT Pathways to $|\Delta B| =2$: Chiral Constructions and Phenomenology
A chiral EFT framework is constructed for |ΔB|=2 interactions that matches SMEFT operators to low-energy baryon processes and identifies new dinucleon decay channels sensitive to previously unconstrained operator structures.
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New Avenues for $|\Delta B|$ = 2 Processes Beyond Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations
Lambda-antilambda oscillations are already bounded far more strongly by Super-Kamiokande's pp→K+K+ limit (δmΛ ≲ 10^-32 GeV) than by BESIII's direct search, making dedicated oscillation searches non-competitive in the ...
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Neutrino Mass Induced $n$-$\overline{n}$ Oscillation
In the Georgi-Glashow SU(5) theory, generating a Majorana neutrino mass necessarily produces neutron–antineutron oscillation from the same operator.
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