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Towards an all-orders calculation of the electroweak bubble wall velocity

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arxiv 2007.10343 v4 pith:4G3SMM7B submitted 2020-07-20 hep-ph

classification hep-ph
keywords wallbubbleelectroweakvelocitylargelogarithmicparticlephase
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We analyze Higgs condensate bubble expansion during a first-order electroweak phase transition in the early Universe. The interaction of particles with the bubble wall can be accompanied by the emission of multiple soft gauge bosons. When computed at fixed order in perturbation theory, this process exhibits large logarithmic enhancements which must be resummed to all orders when the wall velocity is large. We perform this resummation both analytically and numerically at leading logarithmic accuracy. The numerical simulation is achieved by means of a particle shower in the broken phase of the electroweak theory. The two approaches agree to the 10\% level. For fast-moving walls, we find the scaling of the thermal pressure exerted against the wall to be $P\sim \gamma^2T^4$, independent of the particle masses, implying a significantly slower terminal velocity than previously suggested.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Particle production from bubble collisions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

    Heavy particles are produced in bubble-wall collisions by on-shell partonic scatterings, not by off-shell decay of the classical field, so the earlier rates and their phenomenological signals are parametrically overestimated.

  2. Can the universe be matter-dominated after a supercooled first-order phase transition?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    After a supercooled first-order phase transition, the scalar field's equation of state is set by the bubble-wall Lorentz factor γ*, and matter domination is delayed until a/a* ≃ γ* in the free-streaming limit.

  3. Entropy production at electroweak bubble walls from scalar field fluctuations

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Scalar fluctuations produce a nonvanishing entropy discontinuity across an electroweak bubble wall even in the zero-friction limit, showing LTE-based wall velocity upper bounds cannot be saturated.

  4. Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.

  5. Cosmological phase transitions from the functional measure

    hep-ph 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In the minimal modified functional measure model, a logarithmic scalar-potential correction can make the electroweak transition strongly first order, and future gravitational-wave observatories could probe the Higgs t...

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