Deep Learning Enables Robust and Precise Light Focusing on Treatment Needs

If light passes through the body tissues, focusing only on areas where treatment needs, such as tumors, will revolutionize many biomedical imaging and therapy technologies. So how to focus light through deep inhomogeneous tissues overcoming scattering is Holy Grail in biomedical areas. In this paper, we use deep learning to learn and accelerate the process of phase pre-compensation using wavefront shaping. We present an approach (LoftGAN, light only focuses on treatment needs) for learning the relationship between phase domain X and speckle domain Y . Our goal is not just to learn an inverse mapping F:Y->X such that we can know the corresponding X needed for imaging Y like most work, but also to make focusing that is susceptible to disturbances more robust and precise by ensuring that the phase obtained can be forward mapped back to speckle. So we introduce different constraints to enforce F(Y)=X and H(F(Y))=Y with the transmission mapping H:X->Y. Both simulation and physical experiments are performed to investigate the effects of light focusing to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and comparative experiments prove the crucial improvement of robustness and precision. Codes are available at https://github.com/ChangchunYang/LoftGAN.