Mechanical Metastructures of Triple Periodic Carbon Clathrates

Clathrates are lightweight, cage-like, fully-sp3 three dimensional (3D) structures that are experimentally-available for several host elements of the IV group. However, carbon clathrates are as yet hypothetical structures. Herein, the mechanical properties of Type-I-C46 Type-II-C34 and Type-H-C34 carbon clathrates are explored by first-principles calculations. It is revealed that those carbon clathrates show distinct anisotropic patterns in ideal tensile/shear strengths and critical tensile/shear strains, with maximum ideal tensile strength of Type-I carbon clathrate that is superior over that of diamond in <111> direction. However, it is identified isotropy in shear Youngs modulus, and in terms of tensile/shear Youngs moduli, they are sorted as Type-I > Type-II > Type-H carbon clathrates. There are distinct critical load-bearing bond configurations that explain their distinct mechanical behaviors. Moreover, those carbon clathrates are intrinsically indirect semiconductors, and their electronic properties can be greatly dictated by mechanical strain. Carbon clathrates can be potentially utilized as lightweight technically robust engineering metastructures and in electromechanical devices.