A Convolutional LSTM based Residual Network for Deepfake Video Detection

In recent years, deep learning-based video manipulation methods have become widely accessible to masses. With little to no effort, people can easily learn how to generate deepfake videos with only a few victims or target images. This creates a significant social problem for everyone whose photos are publicly available on the Internet, especially on social media websites. Several deep learning-based detection methods have been developed to identify these deepfakes. However, these methods lack generalizability, because they perform well only for a specific type of deepfake method. Therefore, those methods are not transferable to detect other deepfake methods. Also, they do not take advantage of the temporal information of the video. In this paper, we addressed these limitations. We developed a Convolutional LSTM based Residual Network (CLRNet), which takes a sequence of consecutive images as an input from a video to learn the temporal information that helps in detecting unnatural looking artifacts that are present between frames of deepfake videos. We also propose a transfer learning-based approach to generalize different deepfake methods. Through rigorous experimentations using the FaceForensics++ dataset, we showed that our method outperforms five of the previously proposed state-of-the-art deepfake detection methods by better generalizing at detecting different deepfake methods using the same model.