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Framework for analysis of next generation, polarised CMB data sets in the presence of galactic foregrounds and systematic effects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Submitted 16 Sep 2020
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We find that some of the instrumental parameters, in particularly those describing the HWP can be successfully constrained by the data themselves without need for external information, while others, like bandpasses, need to be known with good precision in advance.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Reaching the sufficient sensitivity to detect primordial B-modes requires modern CMB polarisation experiments to rely on new technologies, necessary for the deployment of arrays thousands of detectors with a broad frequency coverage and operating them for extended periods of time. This increased complexity of experimental design unavoidably introduces new instrumental and systematic effects, which may impact performance of the new instruments. In this work we extend the standard data analysis pipeline by including a (parametric) model of instrumental effects directly in the data model. We then correct for them in the analysis, accounting for the additional uncertainty in the final results. We embed these techniques within a general, end-to-end formalism for estimating the impact of the instrument and foreground models on constraints on the amplitude of the primordial B-mode signal. We focus on the parametric component separation approach which we generalize to allow for simultaneous estimation of instrumental and foreground parameters. We demonstrate the framework by studying the effects induced by an achromatic half-wave plate (HWP), which lead to a frequency-dependent variation of the instrument polarisation angle, and experimental bandpasses which define observational frequency bands. We assume a typical Stage-3 CMB polarisation experiment, and show that maps recovered from raw data collected at each frequency band will unavoidably be linear mixtures of the Q and U Stokes parameters. We then derive a new generalized data model appropriate for such cases, and extend the component separation approach to account for it. We find that some of the instrumental parameters, in particularly those describing the HWP can be successfully constrained by the data themselves without need for external information, while others, like bandpasses, need to be known with good precision in advance.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Reaching the sufficient sensitivity to detect primordial B-modes requires modern CMB polarisation experiments to rely on new technologies, necessary for the deployment of arrays thousands of detectors with a broad frequency coverage and operating them for extended periods of time. | background 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | This increased complexity of experimental design unavoidably introduces new instrumental and systematic effects, which may impact performance of the new instruments. | background 0.99 | 0.07 | 0.02 | hedged possibility 0.77 |
| s2 | In this work we extend the standard data analysis pipeline by including a (parametric) model of instrumental effects directly in the data model. | contribution 0.54 | 0.94 | 0.06 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | We then correct for them in the analysis, accounting for the additional uncertainty in the final results. | method 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.08 | asserted 0.99 |
| s4 | We embed these techniques within a general, end-to-end formalism for estimating the impact of the instrument and foreground models on constraints on the amplitude of the primordial B-mode signal. | contribution 0.84 | 0.94 | 0.15 | asserted 0.98 |
| s5 | We focus on the parametric component separation approach which we generalize to allow for simultaneous estimation of instrumental and foreground parameters. | method 0.75 | 0.92 | 0.06 | asserted 0.96 |
| s6 | We demonstrate the framework by studying the effects induced by an achromatic half-wave plate (HWP), which lead to a frequency-dependent variation of the instrument polarisation angle, and experimental bandpasses which define observational frequency bands. | contribution 0.55 | 0.86 | 0.06 | asserted 1.00 |
| s7 | We assume a typical Stage-3 CMB polarisation experiment, and show that maps recovered from raw data collected at each frequency band will unavoidably be linear mixtures of the Q and U Stokes parameters. | result 0.51 | 0.73 | 0.06 | asserted 1.00 |
| s8 | We then derive a new generalized data model appropriate for such cases, and extend the component separation approach to account for it. | method 0.78 | 0.95 | 0.08 | asserted 0.99 |
| s9 | We find that some of the instrumental parameters, in particularly those describing the HWP can be successfully constrained by the data themselves without need for external information, while others, like bandpasses, need to be known with good precision in advance. | result 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.59 | asserted 0.98 |
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The paper
Original abstract
Reaching the sufficient sensitivity to detect primordial B-modes requires modern CMB polarisation experiments to rely on new technologies, necessary for the deployment of arrays thousands of detectors with a broad frequency coverage and operating them for extended periods of time. This increased complexity of experimental design unavoidably introduces new instrumental and systematic effects, which may impact performance of the new instruments. In this work we extend the standard data analysis pipeline by including a (parametric) model of instrumental effects directly in the data model. We then correct for them in the analysis, accounting for the additional uncertainty in the final results. We embed these techniques within a general, end-to-end formalism for estimating the impact of the instrument and foreground models on constraints on the amplitude of the primordial B-mode signal. We focus on the parametric component separation approach which we generalize to allow for simultaneous estimation of instrumental and foreground parameters. We demonstrate the framework by studying the effects induced by an achromatic half-wave plate (HWP), which lead to a frequency-dependent variation of the instrument polarisation angle, and experimental bandpasses which define observational frequency bands. We assume a typical Stage-3 CMB polarisation experiment, and show that maps recovered from raw data collected at each frequency band will unavoidably be linear mixtures of the Q and U Stokes parameters. We then derive a new generalized data model appropriate for such cases, and extend the component separation approach to account for it. We find that some of the instrumental parameters, in particularly those describing the HWP can be successfully constrained by the data themselves without need for external information, while others, like bandpasses, need to be known with good precision in advance.
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References
How the literature uses it
9 arXiv papers cite this in 11 sentences
Papers citing it · 6 sentences without a confident label
Uses its method or tool 1 paper
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The corresponding frequency-dependent angle for the LF, MF and UHF bands in the SO SAT, calculated using a Mueller matrix approach (see e.g. [ref] ), are shown in Figure [ref] in solid blue, orange and green respectively. * Sinuous antennas: The sinuous antennas have a frequency-dependent polarization angle wobble.
The Simons Observatory: gain, bandpass and polarization-angle calibration requirements for B-mode searches · Polarization angle systematics · 0.93
Compares with it 1 paper
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Our treatment is simpler than the more rigorous methods in e.g., [ref] , but as we will mention later, we obtain almost the same constraint on $r$ as the one given in [ref] by tuning the parameter representing the fraction of the residual foreground.
Testing multi-field inflation with LiteBIRD · Analysis method · 0.98
Cites it as background 3 papers
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Consequently, there exists a rich body of literature describing the optical impact of HWPs, including descriptions of various HWP non-idealities [ref] and mitigation strategies [ref] .
Probing frequency-dependent half-wave plate systematics for CMB experiments with full-sky beam convolution simulations · Introduction · 0.94
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Regarding this aspect of Q/U mixing, a modified component separation method has been proposed in [ref] using a simple but extensible model of the HWP, opening the way for corrections with component separation techniques.
Effect of Instrumental Polarization with a Half-Wave Plate on the $B$-Mode Signal: Prediction and Correction · Introduction · 0.86
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The analysis-based mitigation methods have also been proposed [ref] .
Design of a frequency-independent optic axis Pancharatnam-based achromatic half-wave plate · Introduction · 0.84
What it cites · 2 sentences without a confident label
Cites as background 1 paper
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The Mueller matrix formalism is widely used to model polarisers in general, and HWP in particular (see for example [ref] ).
Demonstration of the broadband half-wave plate using the nine-layer sapphire for the CMB polarization experiment · Mueller matrix formalism · 0.97
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