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Testing the black-hole area law with GW150914
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We present observational confirmation of Hawking's black-hole area theorem based on data from GW150914, finding agreement with the prediction with 97% (95%) probability when we model the ringdown including (excluding) overtones of the quadrupolar mode. We obtain this result from a new time-domain analysis of the pre- and postmerger data. We also confirm that the inspiral and ringdown portions of the signal are consistent with the same remnant mass and spin, in agreement with general relativity.
Forward citations
Cited by 12 Pith papers
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Rational Orbits and Gravitational Waves in Static Spherical Spacetimes: An Open-Source Numerical Framework
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Hawking area law in quantum gravity
Exact Hawking area law from black hole mergers restricts quantum gravity to singular Ricci-flat or specific regular black holes in Stelle and nonlocal theories, derives the standard entropy-area law, and realizes Barr...
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Hawking area law in quantum gravity
If Hawking's area law is taken as exact, nonlocal and Stelle quantum-gravity theories are forced to drop R^2 and (Riemann)^2 terms (or use singular Ricci-flat black holes), and the standard entropy-area law follows as...
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Quasinormal mode content of binary black hole ringdowns
A Bayesian, evidence-based analysis of 13 simulated black-hole ringdowns tabulates which quasinormal overtones, retrograde modes, and nonlinear (quadratic and cubic) modes are present at each start time, and finds no ...
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GW250114: testing Hawking's area law and the Kerr nature of black holes
GW250114 data confirm the remnant black hole ringdown frequencies lie within 30% of Kerr predictions and that the final horizon area is larger than the sum of the progenitors' areas to high credibility.
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Potential science with GW250114 -- the loudest binary black hole merger detected to date
This simulation study forecasts that GW250114 can reveal measurable orbital eccentricity, decisive ringdown overtones, and tight black hole area theorem constraints.
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Modeling Direct Waves in Binary Black Hole Ringdowns
Direct waves are identified in NR ringdown waveforms using QNM extraction techniques over a range of start times, but their frequency deviates from the horizon-mode prediction.
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Gravitational wave constraints on corrections to Bekenstein-Hawking Area Formula in classical F(R) gravity and quantum GR : implications for theory parameters
Assuming an extra 'absolute consistency' rule, gravitational-wave validation of the area theorem forces negative entropy corrections, which restricts F(R) gravity and would rule out two axions or an axion plus a graviton.
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