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Seasonal Variation of Multiple-Muon Cosmic Ray Air Showers Observed in the NOvA Detector on the Surface

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arxiv 2105.03848 v2 pith:RED3LOMH submitted 2021-05-09 hep-ex

Seasonal Variation of Multiple-Muon Cosmic Ray Air Showers Observed in the NOvA Detector on the Surface

M. A. Acero , P. Adamson , L. Aliaga , N. Anfimov , A. Antoshkin , E. Arrieta-Diaz , L. Asquith , A. Aurisano
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A. Back C. Backhouse M. Baird N. Balashov P. Baldi B. A. Bambah S. Bashar K. Bays R. Bernstein V. Bhatnagar B. Bhuyan J. Bian J. Blair A. C. Booth R. Bowles C. Bromberg N. Buchanan A. Butkevich S. Calvez T. J. Carroll E. Catano-Mur B. C. Choudhary A. Christensen T. E. Coan M. Colo L. Cremonesi G. S. Davies P. F. Derwent P. Ding Z. Djurcic M. Dolce D. Doyle D. Due\~nas Tonguino E. C. Dukes H. Duyang S. Edayath R. Ehrlich M. Elkins E. Ewart G. J. Feldman P. Filip J. Franc M. J. Frank H. R. Gallagher R. Gandrajula F. Gao A. Giri R. A. Gomes M. C. Goodman V. Grichine M. Groh R. Group B. Guo A. Habig F. Hakl A. Hall J. Hartnell R. Hatcher H. Hausner K. Heller V Hewes A. Himmel A. Holin B. Jargowsky J. Jarosz F. Jediny C. Johnson M. Judah I. Kakorin D. Kalra D. M. Kaplan A. Kalitkina R. Keloth O. Klimov L. W. Koerner L. Kolupaeva S. Kotelnikov R. Kralik Ch. Kullenberg M. Kubu A. Kumar C. D. Kuruppu V. Kus T. Lackey K. Lang P. Lasorak J. Lesmeister S. Lin A. Lister J. Liu M. Lokajicek S. Magill M. Manrique Plata W. A. Mann M. L. Marshak M. Martinez-Casales V. Matveev B. Mayes M. D. Messier H. Meyer T. Miao W. H. Miller S. R. Mishra A. Mislivec R. Mohanta A. Moren A. Morozova W. Mu L. Mualem M. Muether K. Mulder D. Naples N. Nayak J. K. Nelson R. Nichol E. Niner A. Norman A. Norrick T. Nosek H. Oh A. Olshevskiy T. Olson J. Ott J. Paley R. B. Patterson G. Pawloski O. Petrov R. Petti D. D. Phan R. K. Plunkett J. C. C. Porter A. Rafique V. Raj M. Rajaoalisoa B. Ramson B. Rebel P. Rojas V. Ryabov O. Samoylov M. C. Sanchez S. S\'anchez Falero P. Shanahan A. Sheshukov P. Singh V. Singh E. Smith J. Smolik P. Snopok N. Solomey A. Sousa K. Soustruznik M. Strait L. Suter A. Sutton S. Swain C. Sweeney B. Tapia Oregui P. Tas T. Thakore R. B. Thayyullathil J. Thomas E. Tiras S. C. Tognini J. Tripathi J. Trokan-Tenorio Y. Torun J. Urheim P. Vahle Z. Vallari J. Vasel P. Vokac T. Vrba M. Wallbank T. K. Warburton M. Wetstein D. Whittington D. A. Wickremasinghe S. G. Wojcicki J. Wolcott W. Wu Y. Xiao A. Yallappa Dombara K. Yonehara S. Yu Y. Yu S. Zadorozhnyy J. Zalesak Y. Zhang R. Zwaska
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classification hep-ex
keywords showersdetectormultiplicitiessurfacecosmiceffectivelargermbar
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We report the rate of cosmic ray air showers with multiplicities exceeding 15 muon tracks recorded in the NOvA Far Detector between May 2016 and May 2018. The detector is located on the surface under an overburden of 3.6 meters water equivalent. We observe a seasonal dependence in the rate of multiple-muon showers, which varies in magnitude with multiplicity and zenith angle. During this period, the effective atmospheric temperature and surface pressure ranged between 210 K to 230 K and 940mbar to 990mbar, respectively; the shower rates are anti-correlated with the variation in the effective temperature. The variations are about 30% larger for the highest multiplicities than the lowest multiplicities and 20% larger for showers near the horizon than vertical showers.

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