Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from PBH-ABH Mergers

Fei Huang; Jing Shu; Wenfeng Cui; Yue Zhao

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Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from PBH-ABH Mergers

Wenfeng Cui, Fei Huang, Jing Shu, Yue Zhao

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Submitted 9 Aug 2021

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We find it is very challenging to detect such a signal.

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.24 · states limitation 0.92 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.05 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.06 · compares with prior results 0.30 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

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The measurement of gravitational waves produced by binary black-hole mergers at the Advanced LIGO has encouraged extensive studies on the stochastic gravitational wave background. Recent studies have focused on gravitational wave sources made of the same species, such as mergers from binary primordial black holes or those from binary astrophysical black holes. In this paper, we study a new possibility -- the stochastic gravitational wave background produced by mergers of one primordial black hole and one astrophysical black hole. Such systems are necessarily present if primordial black holes exist. We study the isotropic gravitational wave background produced through the history of the Universe. We find it is very challenging to detect such a signal. We also demonstrate that it is improper to treat the gravitational waves produced by such binaries in the Milky Way as a directional stochastic background, due to a very low binary formation rate.

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What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	The measurement of gravitational waves produced by binary black-hole mergers at the Advanced LIGO has encouraged extensive studies on the stochastic gravitational wave background.	background 1.00	0.04	0.02	asserted 0.98
s1	Recent studies have focused on gravitational wave sources made of the same species, such as mergers from binary primordial black holes or those from binary astrophysical black holes.	background 0.96	0.04	0.02	asserted 1.00
s2	In this paper, we study a new possibility -- the stochastic gravitational wave background produced by mergers of one primordial black hole and one astrophysical black hole.	contribution 1.00	0.73	0.09	hedged possibility 0.53
s3	Such systems are necessarily present if primordial black holes exist.	background 0.73	0.11	0.05	asserted 1.00
s4	We study the isotropic gravitational wave background produced through the history of the Universe.	contribution 0.94	0.71	0.05	asserted 0.92
s5	We find it is very challenging to detect such a signal.	result 0.99	0.95	0.56	asserted 1.00
s6	We also demonstrate that it is improper to treat the gravitational waves produced by such binaries in the Milky Way as a directional stochastic background, due to a very low binary formation rate.	result 0.88	0.89	0.17	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.93 · evidence from simulation or computation 0.43.

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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

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Original abstract

The measurement of gravitational waves produced by binary black-hole mergers at the Advanced LIGO has encouraged extensive studies on the stochastic gravitational wave background. Recent studies have focused on gravitational wave sources made of the same species, such as mergers from binary primordial black holes or those from binary astrophysical black holes. In this paper, we study a new possibility -- the stochastic gravitational wave background produced by mergers of one primordial black hole and one astrophysical black hole. Such systems are necessarily present if primordial black holes exist. We study the isotropic gravitational wave background produced through the history of the Universe. We find it is very challenging to detect such a signal. We also demonstrate that it is improper to treat the gravitational waves produced by such binaries in the Milky Way as a directional stochastic background, due to a very low binary formation rate.

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References

How the literature uses it

5 arXiv papers cite this in 12 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 8 sentences without a confident label

Uses its data or values 1 paper

The total stellar mass is related to $M_h$ through a relationship derived from the Bolshoi-Planck simulation [ref] .

Dark Matter-Induced Low-Mass Gap Black Hole Echoing LVK Observations · Lower Mass Black hole distribution · 0.91

Cites it as background 2 papers

The literature on probing the PBHs utilising the features in the gravitational waves is quite large [ref] .

Probing the Origin of Primordial Black Holes through Novel Gravitational Wave Spectrum · Introduction · 0.98
The literature on probing the PBHs utilizing the features in the gravitational waves is quite large [ref] [It is to be noted that in recent time there have been studies to probe PBH using methods other than GW as well [ref] .].

Gravitational Wave Probe of Primordial Black Hole Origin via Superradiance · Introduction · 0.97

What it cites · 43 sentences without a confident label

Uses the method or tool of 6 papers

We assume both the ABH and the PBH velocities follow the same Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with a cutoff at the virial velocity, $v_vir≡√(2GM_h/R_vir)$, of a halo with mass $M_h$ [ref] : P(v,v_m) = F_0[exp(-v^2/v_m^2) - exp(-v_vir^2/v_m^2) ] , v_m = v_vir/√(2)√(C/C_mg(C_m)/g(C)) , g(X) = ln(1+X)-1/1+X , where $v_m$ is the maximum circular velocity in an NFW halo which occurs at $R_m=C_m R_s$ with $C_m=2.1626$, and $F_0$ is the normalization factor so that $∫_0^v_vir dv 4πv^2 P(v,v_m)=1$.

Did LIGO detect dark matter? · ABH-PBH binary formation probability · 0.88
We assume both the ABH and the PBH velocities follow the same Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with a cutoff at the virial velocity, $v_vir≡√(2GM_h/R_vir)$, of a halo with mass $M_h$ [ref] : P(v,v_m) = F_0[exp(-v^2/v_m^2) - exp(-v_vir^2/v_m^2) ] , v_m = v_vir/√(2)√(C/C_mg(C_m)/g(C)) , g(X) = ln(1+X)-1/1+X , where $v_m$ is the maximum circular velocity in an NFW halo which occurs at $R_m=C_m R_s$ with $C_m=2.1626$, and $F_0$ is the normalization factor so that $∫_0^v_vir dv 4πv^2 P(v,v_m)=1$.

Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background due to Primordial Binary Black Hole Mergers · ABH-PBH binary formation probability · 0.88
For the halo mass distribution, we adopt the Sheth-Tormen halo mass function [ref] which is an extension to the Press-Schechter formalism [ref] that fits well with the results of numerical simulations.

Large scale bias and the peak background split · Halo mass function · 0.84

Uses data or values from 9 papers

Currently, Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo have placed an upper limit on the dimensionless GW energy density, $Ω_GW$, for isotropic background at approximately $𝒪(10^-9)$ [ref] at $25 Hz$.

Search for the isotropic stochastic background using data from Advanced LIGO's second observing run · Introduction · 0.98
Currently, Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo have placed an upper limit on the dimensionless GW energy density, $Ω_GW$, for isotropic background at approximately $𝒪(10^-9)$ [ref] at $25 Hz$.

Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO's First Observing Run · Introduction · 0.98
Currently, Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo have placed an upper limit on the dimensionless GW energy density, $Ω_GW$, for isotropic background at approximately $𝒪(10^-9)$ [ref] at $25 Hz$.

2101.12130 · Introduction · 0.98

Cites as background 21 papers

The first detection of gravitational waves (GW) [ref] by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations [ref] in 2015 has opened a new window to study astrophysics and cosmology.

Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger · Introduction · 0.99
and magnetars [ref] , and cosmological sources such as cosmic string [ref] , inflation [ref] and first-order phase transitions [ref] .

Astrophysical Sources of Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background · Introduction · 0.95
and magnetars [ref] , and cosmological sources such as cosmic string [ref] , inflation [ref] and first-order phase transitions [ref] .

Relating gravitational wave constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis, pulsar timing, laser interferometers, and the CMB: implications for the early universe · Introduction · 0.95

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