Simultaneous 2D and 3D turbulent flows in Faraday Waves

Alexandra von Kameke; Michael Schl\"uter; Niclas Rohde; Raffaele Colombi

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Simultaneous 2D and 3D turbulent flows in Faraday Waves

Raffaele Colombi, Niclas Rohde, Michael Schlüter, Alexandra von Kameke

Fluid Dynamics · Submitted 2 Sep 2021

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim Here, we report the first evidence of the co-existence of 2D and 3D turbulence in an experimental flow driven by Faraday waves in water.

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arXiv ID2109.00789 (version 1)

Pith IDD6TOSGD5, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationAlexandra von Kameke, Michael Schl\"uter, Niclas Rohde, Raffaele Colombi. "Simultaneous 2D and 3D turbulent flows in Faraday Waves." arXiv:2109.00789 (2021). https://pith.science/paper/D6TOSGD5

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,262 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.95 · states limitation 0.10 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.05 · compares with prior results 0.22 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

In nature turbulent flows exist that are neither simply 2D nor 3D but boundary conditions, such as varying stratification, force them towards the one or the other. Here, we report the first evidence of the co-existence of 2D and 3D turbulence in an experimental flow driven by Faraday waves in water. We find that an inverse energy cascade at the fluid surface and a direct energy cascade in the 3D bulk flow underneath exist simultaneously. We base our analysis on temporally and spatially well-resolved velocity fields measured at horizontal and vertical planes. The findings suggest that the strongly turbulent 2D surface flow drives the 3D bulk flow through sporadic vertical jets as a source of momentum.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	In nature turbulent flows exist that are neither simply 2D nor 3D but boundary conditions, such as varying stratification, force them towards the one or the other.	background 0.99	0.04	0.03	asserted 1.00
s1	Here, we report the first evidence of the co-existence of 2D and 3D turbulence in an experimental flow driven by Faraday waves in water.	contribution 0.88	0.96	0.79	asserted 1.00
s2	We find that an inverse energy cascade at the fluid surface and a direct energy cascade in the 3D bulk flow underneath exist simultaneously.	result 1.00	0.96	0.61	asserted 1.00
s3	We base our analysis on temporally and spatially well-resolved velocity fields measured at horizontal and vertical planes.	method 1.00	0.96	0.03	asserted 0.99
s4	The findings suggest that the strongly turbulent 2D surface flow drives the 3D bulk flow through sporadic vertical jets as a source of momentum.	interpretation 1.00	0.82	0.52	hedged possibility 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from observation or experiment 1.00.

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arXiv listing abstract v1

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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

In nature turbulent flows exist that are neither simply 2D nor 3D but boundary conditions, such as varying stratification, force them towards the one or the other. Here, we report the first evidence of the co-existence of 2D and 3D turbulence in an experimental flow driven by Faraday waves in water. We find that an inverse energy cascade at the fluid surface and a direct energy cascade in the 3D bulk flow underneath exist simultaneously. We base our analysis on temporally and spatially well-resolved velocity fields measured at horizontal and vertical planes. The findings suggest that the strongly turbulent 2D surface flow drives the 3D bulk flow through sporadic vertical jets as a source of momentum.

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Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

What it cites

Uses the method or tool of 1 paper

To determine the inter-scale spectral flux through particular wavelengths $λ_n, n ∈ℕ$, a spatial filter of varying width [ref] originally used for large-eddy-simulations (LES) [ref] , is applied on the velocity fields.

Effect of filter kernel on scale-energetics of near-wall turbulent structures · Introduction · 1.00

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