Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-16T19:55:11.431020Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 5 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 65 of 65 outbound references and 38 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2110.08193.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-16T19:55:11.431020Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T19:58:54.683230Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-07-04T19:50:11.112541Z
65 of 65 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation f1455e15-20cd-4ac0-9bc0-cec3adce411b · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 67dcfcea-cfc2-4019-80d2-b396ba76cd2a · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 8b69c5f8-94fb-4520-911c-00d4565873f8 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Bryson, and Arvind Narayanan
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 34950dba-b5d7-4445-9d65-59b1c68167a2 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 9b76bfd0-c537-4165-94b7-ef6cb54d220a · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 63f64783-de7b-4475-a6e6-709a33096316 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 08305f7a-f6c8-4659-99eb-c48a5a1931c8 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 90b4807c-ba7a-4116-b95d-c2c7423d3894 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation ac732f1f-618a-4562-a16c-8d36929dd78f · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering DeBERTaV3: Improving DeBERTa using ELECTRA-Style Pre-Training with Gradient-Disentangled Embedding Sharing
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 00e66416-cd52-47be-8a53-4c132c87652c · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 7ef22494-5074-4e12-a87e-725cc360ebe7 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 74ea2712-d230-4741-9d5d-d309969aff6c · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation e7a923c0-3bb6-4c42-89e1-ffbf286e753a · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation cdbbbd62-a98a-4979-a48b-e85b737fd481 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Logic, language, and security: Essays dedicated to Andre Scedrov on the occasion of his 65th birthday , pages=
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 7f824bfd-5344-474f-9e2d-6c01909ddd31 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 2b51bb88-0990-4832-a0d2-90ae7ef9b2b4 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 4bbdfd7b-9590-4825-b5b6-83e21ce03e7e · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation a1db20b6-963f-4a68-9a4e-afca8ea6a452 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 1f47875a-a43c-4ff4-8b63-54900214fce2 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation a7b514da-175e-41e5-829e-58933b56714a · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 06553522-93bb-46b1-9024-78e8f9a208e6 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation fed949e6-574a-4605-a2de-2fb8e78d3cdc · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering They call me Bruce , but they won't call me Bruce Jones
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 3403acc3-cedb-4690-a260-0d8c66727915 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence , volume=
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 8df5887a-dcbc-4f89-9ff0-a1a7d7ca3caf · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2020 , url=
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 67835a58-8bdf-428f-9805-53e5d1a86b90 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering UNQOVER ing Stereotyping Biases via Underspecified Questions
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 83f2ec41-6380-4ffc-ae4c-3e732c164d70 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 9a077b82-d57f-43c1-ac94-05b8d5ebfae8 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering CrowS-Pairs: A Challenge Dataset for Measuring Social Biases in Masked Language Models
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 1a1e1add-84e3-4e2c-8c13-77c95c397ac0 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering doi: 10.18653/v1/D19-1339
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 186e96b1-99f0-40a2-b1b1-17e98df9b340 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Language (technology) is power: A critical survey of" bias" in
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 45cecc5a-5d6d-4519-a53b-6e121a416624 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2017 , note=
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 9b43bc0d-8076-43aa-ac8d-3787d91d9d3c · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2021 , note=
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 7fad8a98-e7b8-4f51-bf3b-8e5c7765eb85 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics , volume=
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation e9a29992-e0e8-4657-ae3e-328b2bf4ead2 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Smith, and Yejin Choi
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation b9c31707-da84-48b2-b716-75cdb97a8685 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Toward Gender-Inclusive Coreference Resolution
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 69a55b36-9709-44a5-9641-778476e6a936 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Gender bias in coreference resolution
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 13d036fc-5bec-43d4-bf3b-97e30c7f7d9c · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Gender Bias in Coreference Resolution: Evaluation and Debiasing Methods
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation c2f2fd4f-6abe-4b35-a6cb-053899f6c275 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Logic, Language, and Security , pages=
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 1f0ca1b5-cf88-4484-aab7-b96e29271fca · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering On Measures of Biases and Harms in NLP
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 48f632dd-6f5f-47de-8d54-55d3b7933a72 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2019 , url=
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation a6ee8345-86fb-42ae-87ae-d5ce7750b3bb · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Sociological methodology , pages=
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation b1a85a50-3c0d-4308-8876-758821c23e10 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Bryson and Arvind Narayanan , title =
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation ceceadac-7f4a-4ec5-b876-89aa53ac95ce · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Identifying and Reducing Gender Bias in Word-Level Language Models
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 5d486721-e29b-4e25-820d-c1876fa3dfed · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering and Rudinger, Rachel
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 1ac51d2a-c9a0-4db2-8165-db316d3e4967 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Racial Bias in Hate Speech and Abusive Language Detection Datasets
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation e77f2142-9d6a-401d-aa88-43c66c1018f1 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Intersectional Bias in Causal Language Models
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 47d2f92f-c555-484f-aaac-a80989b7d40e · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering H ate C heck: Functional Tests for Hate Speech Detection Models
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation ff28db8d-704c-4bda-83f7-ec2c4b50e09e · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Proceedings of the NeurIPS 2020 Workshop on Dataset Curation and Security , year=
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 182a84aa-dff1-4378-8227-e79419b7a1ec · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2018 , url =
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation f684baac-9c86-4f6a-9edd-45915f66e10e · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 69035c08-534c-4774-93b4-769f4fe19bef · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2021 , publisher=
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 98207bae-901e-40c9-984e-1f782a7128c7 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering What ' s in a Name? R educing Bias in Bios without Access to Protected Attributes
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 5480bd3d-0580-474f-bc6f-1025e440b65f · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering author=
Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 6c4bf908-fc58-4a68-9982-cacc22bfeced · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Applied Economics Letters , volume=
Reference 69
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 30935571-286c-487f-ae9e-434e130dd855 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2009 , url =
Reference 70
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 906ef497-f730-4b5f-abef-dafeda698973 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2021 , url =
Reference 71
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation f1854db5-f077-4c51-b91d-06b1ece70922 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Unresolved cited work
Reference 72
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 25102d07-167c-400d-a589-814d2c947867 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Scientific data , volume=
Reference 73
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 0d55c713-1b4f-412e-b793-7981e7a90f4d · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2014 , publisher=
Reference 74
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation f70b3ec5-a9f5-488d-adbc-aee7b60cf756 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Learning from the Worst: Dynamically Generated Datasets to Improve Online Hate Detection
Reference 75
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation c15b66eb-d5ae-4920-908b-cadde0a872ae · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Detecting Independent Pronoun Bias with Partially-Synthetic Data Generation
Reference 76
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 64df7697-24d8-4397-91c3-f52763e45198 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering acl-main.485/
Reference 77
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation ef42b94d-28e8-4fb3-8751-1d0eadeb5daf · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering doi: 10.18653/v1/D17-1082
Reference 78
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 31d7b79b-922b-40b3-bba1-a5e795bec0a9 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering Think you have solved question answering?
Reference 79
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation b09541f1-694c-4594-af40-34dc41b3142a · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2020 , url=
Reference 80
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 235ab9a6-71f1-4ae3-ad18-ce96db4faff6 · outbound
BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering 2021 , url=
Reference 81
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 4c783d77-e27b-47f4-bddd-f35b9b5e2f66 · inbound
Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation a684a18d-1ef3-4024-b432-0bcd63120327 · inbound
Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 3e9a25a2-ee2c-439f-87a3-6dca4f4b6e72 · inbound
Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Reference 74
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 5e4076f6-bc03-4077-b1a6-cbeaed5a3a31 · inbound
PaLM 2 Technical Report BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Reference 109
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 40b53494-d224-41e5-98d6-41f9aa21c408 · inbound
Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Reference 72
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation a4768c18-1387-446d-8d25-53e827410568 · inbound
Mixtral of Experts BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation c97b0f70-b78a-4084-acf6-c7fff7436dbb · inbound
Inference Scaling Laws: An Empirical Analysis of Compute-Optimal Inference for Problem-Solving with Language Models BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Reference 258
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation a1dd87fe-d0c5-44fb-bb61-a7b86163e221 · inbound
OpenAI o1 System Card BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.
Observation 1ed6d3ca-3123-4b92-ae90-a8bbec1d8b6d · inbound
PRIMETIME : Limits of LLMs in Temporal Primitives BBQ: A Hand-Built Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 5abe97a1-7feb-4c6a-95aa-39fe5be885a6 · inbound
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