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Cometary Activity Beyond The Planets

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arxiv 2111.00661 v1 pith:NKP77BRM submitted 2021-11-01 astro-ph.EP

classification astro-ph.EP
keywords distancesactivitybeyondincreasesublimationcometaryheliocentriclocalized
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Recent observations show activity in long-period comet C/2017 K2 at heliocentric distances beyond the orbit of Uranus. With this as motivation, we constructed a simple model that takes a detailed account of gas transport modes and simulates the time-dependent sublimation of super-volatile ice from beneath a porous mantle on an incoming cometary nucleus. The model reveals a localized increase in carbon monoxide (CO) sublimation close to heliocentric distance rH = 150 AU (local blackbody temperature around 23 K), followed by a plateau and then a slow increase in activity towards smaller distances. This localized increase occurs as heat transport in the nucleus transitions between two regimes characterized by the rising temperature of the CO front at larger distances and nearly isothermal CO at smaller distances. As this transition is a general property of sublimation through a porous mantle, we predict that future observations of sufficient sensitivity will show that inbound comets (and interstellar interlopers) will exhibit activity at distances far beyond the planetary region of the solar system.

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  1. How much earlier would LSST have discovered currently known long-period comets?

    astro-ph.EP 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A simulated LSST-like survey would have discovered about 40% of known long-period comets at least five years before their perihelion, at roughly double the distance of their actual discovery.

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