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Observationally Constraining the Starspot Properties of Magnetically Active M67 Sub-Subgiant S1063
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Submitted 10 Nov 2021
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim These values are generally lower than those determined from photometric model comparisons but still indicate that S1063, and likely other sub-subgiants, are magnetically active spotted stars.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Our understanding of the impact of magnetic activity on stellar evolution continues to unfold. This impact is seen in sub-subgiant stars, defined to be stars that sit below the subgiant branch and red of the main sequence in a cluster color-magnitude diagram. Here we focus on S1063, a prototypical sub-subgiant in open cluster M67. We use a novel technique combining a two-temperature spectral decomposition and light curve analysis to constrain starspot properties over a multi-year time frame. Using a high-resolution near-infrared IGRINS spectrum and photometric data from K2 and ASAS-SN, we find a projected spot filling factor of 32 $\pm$ 7% with a spot temperature of 4000 $\pm$ 200 K. This value anchors the variability seen in the light curve, indicating the spot filling factor of S1063 ranged from 20% to 45% over a four-year time period with an average spot filling factor of 30%. These values are generally lower than those determined from photometric model comparisons but still indicate that S1063, and likely other sub-subgiants, are magnetically active spotted stars. We find observational and theoretical comparisons of spotted stars are nuanced due to the projected spot coverage impacting estimates of the surface-averaged effective temperature. The starspot properties found here are similar to those found in RS CVn systems, supporting classifying sub-subgiants as another type of active giant star binary system. This technique opens the possibility of characterizing the surface conditions of many more spotted stars than previous methods, allowing for larger future studies to test theoretical models of magnetically active stars.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Our understanding of the impact of magnetic activity on stellar evolution continues to unfold. | background 1.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | asserted 0.76 |
| s1 | This impact is seen in sub-subgiant stars, defined to be stars that sit below the subgiant branch and red of the main sequence in a cluster color-magnitude diagram. | background 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | asserted 0.99 |
| s2 | Here we focus on S1063, a prototypical sub-subgiant in open cluster M67. | contribution 0.77 | 0.23 | 0.03 | asserted 0.99 |
| s3 | We use a novel technique combining a two-temperature spectral decomposition and light curve analysis to constrain starspot properties over a multi-year time frame. | method 0.84 | 0.93 | 0.05 | asserted 0.98 |
| s4 | Using a high-resolution near-infrared IGRINS spectrum and photometric data from K2 and ASAS-SN, we find a projected spot filling factor of 32 $\pm$ 7% with a spot temperature of 4000 $\pm$ 200 K. | result 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.27 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | This value anchors the variability seen in the light curve, indicating the spot filling factor of S1063 ranged from 20% to 45% over a four-year time period with an average spot filling factor of 30%. | result 0.98 | 0.94 | 0.22 | asserted 0.67 |
| s6 | These values are generally lower than those determined from photometric model comparisons but still indicate that S1063, and likely other sub-subgiants, are magnetically active spotted stars. | interpretation 0.97 | 0.60 | 0.24 | asserted 0.68 |
| s7 | We find observational and theoretical comparisons of spotted stars are nuanced due to the projected spot coverage impacting estimates of the surface-averaged effective temperature. | interpretation 0.96 | 0.81 | 0.09 | asserted 0.99 |
| s8 | The starspot properties found here are similar to those found in RS CVn systems, supporting classifying sub-subgiants as another type of active giant star binary system. | interpretation 0.98 | 0.73 | 0.26 | asserted 0.70 |
| s9 | This technique opens the possibility of characterizing the surface conditions of many more spotted stars than previous methods, allowing for larger future studies to test theoretical models of magnetically active stars. | future work 0.97 | 0.30 | 0.12 | hedged possibility 0.97 |
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The paper
Original abstract
Our understanding of the impact of magnetic activity on stellar evolution continues to unfold. This impact is seen in sub-subgiant stars, defined to be stars that sit below the subgiant branch and red of the main sequence in a cluster color-magnitude diagram. Here we focus on S1063, a prototypical sub-subgiant in open cluster M67. We use a novel technique combining a two-temperature spectral decomposition and light curve analysis to constrain starspot properties over a multi-year time frame. Using a high-resolution near-infrared IGRINS spectrum and photometric data from K2 and ASAS-SN, we find a projected spot filling factor of 32 $\pm$ 7% with a spot temperature of 4000 $\pm$ 200 K. This value anchors the variability seen in the light curve, indicating the spot filling factor of S1063 ranged from 20% to 45% over a four-year time period with an average spot filling factor of 30%. These values are generally lower than those determined from photometric model comparisons but still indicate that S1063, and likely other sub-subgiants, are magnetically active spotted stars. We find observational and theoretical comparisons of spotted stars are nuanced due to the projected spot coverage impacting estimates of the surface-averaged effective temperature. The starspot properties found here are similar to those found in RS CVn systems, supporting classifying sub-subgiants as another type of active giant star binary system. This technique opens the possibility of characterizing the surface conditions of many more spotted stars than previous methods, allowing for larger future studies to test theoretical models of magnetically active stars.
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Spots are inferred from the photometric variability observed in most SSGs, and in one SSG in M67 a spot covering fraction varying from 20$-$45% has been measured using spectral decomposition and light curve analysis [ref] .
Revealing the Field Sub-subgiant Population Using a Catalog of Active Giant Stars and Gaia EDR3 · Introduction · 0.88
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