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Polarized Vector Oscillons
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abstract
Oscillons are spatially localized, time-periodic and long-lived configurations that were primarily proposed in scalar field theories with attractive self-interactions. In this letter, we demonstrate that oscillons also exist in the low-energy effective theory of an interacting massive (real) vector field. We provide two types of vector oscillons with vanishing orbital angular momentum, and approximately spherically symmetric energy density, but not field configurations. These are: (1) "directional" oscillons (linearly polarized), with vanishing total intrinsic spin, and (2) "spinning" oscillons (circularly polarized) with a macroscopic instrinsic spin equal to $\hbar\times$ number of particles in the oscillon. In contrast to the case with only gravitational interactions, the two oscillons have different energy at a fixed particle number even in the nonrelativistic limit. By carrying out relativistic $3+1$d simulations, we show that these oscillons can be long-lived (compared to the oscillation time for the fields), and can arise from a range of Gaussian initial spatial profiles. These considerations make vector oscillons potentially relevant during the early universe and in dark photon dark matter, with novel phenomenology related to their polarization.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Core-Halo Mass Relation in Cosmological Vector Dark Matter
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Constraining Dark Photon Dark Matter with Radio Silence from Soliton Mergers around Supermassive Black Holes
Non-observation of radio bursts from soliton mergers around supermassive black holes constrains dark photon solitons to make up less than about 1% of dark matter, with future surveys reaching 0.2%.
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Nonrelativistic Proca stars: Spherical stationary and multi-frequency states
Nonrelativistic Proca stars have a ground state with constant polarization (linear or circular depending on the sign of the spin-spin coupling), and a symmetry-enhanced sector with λs=0 contains a continuum of multi-f...
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The continuum spectrum of nonrelativistic multi-frequency Proca stars
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Localized Electromagnetic Perturbations on Vector Solitons
Proca balls in a theory with gauge kinetic coupling support a localized spherically symmetric electromagnetic vibrational mode whose spectrum has a delocalization gap and a revival branch.
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Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons
A comprehensive review of non-topological solitons (Q-balls) and quasi-solitons (oscillons), their properties, dynamics, and roles in early-universe physics.
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