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From data to functa: Your data point is a function and you can treat it like one

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arxiv 2201.12204 v3 pith:R557JY7N submitted 2022-01-28 cs.LG

classification cs.LG
keywords datafunctadeeplearningneuralchallengescontinuousfunction
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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It is common practice in deep learning to represent a measurement of the world on a discrete grid, e.g. a 2D grid of pixels. However, the underlying signal represented by these measurements is often continuous, e.g. the scene depicted in an image. A powerful continuous alternative is then to represent these measurements using an implicit neural representation, a neural function trained to output the appropriate measurement value for any input spatial location. In this paper, we take this idea to its next level: what would it take to perform deep learning on these functions instead, treating them as data? In this context we refer to the data as functa, and propose a framework for deep learning on functa. This view presents a number of challenges around efficient conversion from data to functa, compact representation of functa, and effectively solving downstream tasks on functa. We outline a recipe to overcome these challenges and apply it to a wide range of data modalities including images, 3D shapes, neural radiance fields (NeRF) and data on manifolds. We demonstrate that this approach has various compelling properties across data modalities, in particular on the canonical tasks of generative modeling, data imputation, novel view synthesis and classification. Code: https://github.com/deepmind/functa

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. On the Expressive Power of Permutation-Equivariant Weight-Space Networks

    cs.LG 2026-02 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Permutation-equivariant weight-space networks are all equally expressive, and universality holds when hidden-layer biases are pairwise distinct.

  2. FedMeNF: Privacy-Preserving Federated Meta-Learning for Neural Fields

    cs.LG 2025-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    MDIR detects LLM weight homology from embedding matrices alone using polar decomposition and permutation matching, achieving perfect AUC and accuracy on LeaFBench and reconstructing layer-level transformations.

  3. Picasso: Holistic Scene Reconstruction with Physics-Constrained Sampling

    cs.CV 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Picasso produces multi-object scene reconstructions that are both geometrically accurate and physically plausible by using physics-constrained rejection sampling over an inferred contact graph, outperforming prior met...

  4. VidFuncta: Towards Generalizable Neural Representations for Ultrasound Videos

    eess.IV 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    VidFuncta encodes ultrasound videos into static and time-varying latent vectors, improving reconstruction over 2D and 3D baselines while enabling efficient downstream analysis.

  5. PDEfuncta: Spectrally-Aware Neural Representation for PDE Solution Modeling

    cs.LG 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A Fourier-based weight modulation for shared INR networks improves reconstruction of high-frequency PDE fields and enables bidirectional inference between paired solution spaces.

  6. MINR: Implicit Neural Representations with Masked Image Modelling

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A hybrid of implicit neural representations and masked image modeling, called MINR, reconstructs masked image patches better than MAE in the reported in-domain and out-of-distribution tests with fewer parameters.

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