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Threats to Pre-trained Language Models: Survey and Taxonomy

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arxiv 2202.06862 v1 pith:IS6W5PEX submitted 2022-02-14 cs.CR

classification cs.CR
keywords languageptlmssurveythreatsattackattacksdifferentmodel
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Pre-trained language models (PTLMs) have achieved great success and remarkable performance over a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, there are also growing concerns regarding the potential security issues in the adoption of PTLMs. In this survey, we comprehensively systematize recently discovered threats to PTLM systems and applications. We perform our attack characterization from three interesting perspectives. (1) We show threats can occur at different stages of the PTLM pipeline raised by different malicious entities. (2) We identify two types of model transferability (landscape, portrait) that facilitate attacks. (3) Based on the attack goals, we summarize four categories of attacks (backdoor, evasion, data privacy and model privacy). We also discuss some open problems and research directions. We believe our survey and taxonomy will inspire future studies towards secure and privacy-preserving PTLMs.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. LLM in the Middle: A Systematic Review of Threats and Mitigations to Real-World LLM-based Systems

    cs.CR 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A systematic review that categorizes LLM threats, severity scores, and mitigations across development and operation life cycles and multiple deployment scenarios.

  2. Certifying Language Model Robustness with Fuzzed Randomized Smoothing: An Efficient Defense Against Backdoor Attacks

    cs.LG 2025-02 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    FRS targets backdoor triggers with MCTS-guided randomization and parameter smoothing, claiming a larger certified robustness radius that its own theory does not actually prove.

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