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Theory, phenomenology, and experimental avenues for dark showers: a Snowmass 2021 report
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In this work, we consider the case of a strongly coupled dark/hidden sector, which extends the Standard Model (SM) by adding an additional non-Abelian gauge group. These extensions generally contain matter fields, much like the SM quarks, and gauge fields similar to the SM gluons. We focus on the exploration of such sectors where the dark particles are produced at the LHC through a portal and undergo rapid hadronization within the dark sector before decaying back, at least in part and potentially with sizeable lifetimes, to SM particles, giving a range of possibly spectacular signatures such as emerging or semi-visible jets. Other, non-QCD-like scenarios leading to soft unclustered energy patterns or glueballs are also discussed. After a review of the theory, existing benchmarks and constraints, this work addresses how to build consistent benchmarks from the underlying physical parameters and present new developments for the PYTHIA Hidden Valley module, along with jet substructure studies. Finally, a series of improved search strategies is presented in order to pave the way for a better exploration of the dark showers at the LHC.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Search for resonant production of lepton-enriched semivisible jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
A CMS search with 138 fb^-1 of 13 TeV data finds no lepton-enriched semivisible jet resonance and excludes Z' masses up to 4.7 TeV (SVJ l) and 1.8-3.5 TeV (SVJ tau) at 95% CL.
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Neural Control Variates at LO and NLO
Signed neural control variates from normalizing flows, combined with neural importance sampling, reduce weight ranges and negative weights for LO and NLO phase-space integration and event generation.
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Agentic Re-Casting using Agentic Re-Simulations
An agentic AI system with a physicist in the loop re-casts an ATLAS ttZ measurement into a global top-quark SMEFT fit and recovers injected coloron Wilson coefficients in a repeatable benchmark.
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Long-Lived Dark Hadrons at the Electron-Ion Collider
A benchmark dark-QCD model with long-lived dark pions mixing into an axion-like state could let the EIC probe electron-portal couplings and dark pion masses beyond the reach of B-factories.
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Sub-GeV dark matter and multi-decay signatures from dark showers at beam-dump experiments
SHiP could observe multiple displaced vertices per event from dark rho mesons in dark showers, probing dark rho masses up to ~2 GeV and discriminating the model from dark photons.
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Search for emerging jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS experiment
No excess of emerging-jet events appears in ATLAS Run 2 data, excluding pair-produced dark scalar mediators up to about 2 TeV for 20 GeV dark pions with 20 mm decay length.
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