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Mechanical structure of a spin-1 particle

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arxiv 2208.01240 v1 pith:Z5I5ZU3T submitted 2022-08-02 hep-ph

classification hep-ph
keywords framebreitinducedparticlespin-1distributionmassstructure
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We investigate the mechanical structure of a spin-1 particle. Introducing three different frameworks, i.e., the three-dimensional (3D) Breit frame, the two-dimensional (2D) Breit frame, and the 2D infinite momentum frame (equivalently the two-dimensional Drell-Yan frame), we scrutinize the 2D and 3D energy-momentum tensor (EMT) distributions in these frames. We first derive the EMT distributions in the 2D Breit frame by performing the Abel transformation. The mass distribution in the 2D Breit frame contains an additional monopole contribution induced geometrically. The pressure distribution in the 2D Breit frame also gets an induced monopole structure. When the Lorentz boost is carried out, the mass distribution in the 2D infinite-momentum frame acquires the induced dipole term. Similarly, we also have the induced dipole contributions to the pressure and shear-force densities. We visualize the 2D mass distributions when the spin-1 particle is polarized along the $x$- and $z$-axes. We observe that the 2D mass distribution in the infinite momentum frame exhibit clearly the induced dipole structure when the spin-1 particle is polarized along the $x$-axis. We also discuss the strong force fields inside a polarized spin-1 particle.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Transverse EMT distributions in polarized nucleons are derived in the quantum phase-space formalism; they reduce to standard light-front densities (including bad components) in the infinite-momentum frame.

  2. Quadrupole forces between quark/gluon subsystems inside higher-spin particles

    hep-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    For spin-1 and spin-3/2 hadrons, the quark/gluon subsystem force acquires quadrupole and tangential components, expressed through new multipole form factors C̄_n(t).

  3. Gravitational form factors of the nucleon in the Skyrme model based on scale-invariant chiral perturbation theory

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A Skyrme model with a dilaton field attributes the proton's negative internal pressure and confining force to the gluonic scale anomaly, and reproduces the lattice QCD D(t) form factor.

  4. Mechanical properties of the $\Omega^-$ baryon from gravitational form factors

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Using QCD sum rules, the authors extract seven gravitational form factors of the Omega baryon and derive its internal energy, angular momentum, pressure, shear, radii, and D-terms.

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