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Pulsar and cosmic variances of pulsar timing-array correlation measurements of the stochastic gravitational wave background
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Pulsar timing-array correlation measurements offer an exciting opportunity to test the nature of gravity in the cosmologically novel nanohertz gravitational wave regime. The stochastic gravitational wave background is assumed Gaussian and random, while there are limited pulsar pairs in the sky. This brings theoretical uncertainties to the correlation measurements, namely the pulsar variance due to pulsar samplings and the cosmic variance due to Gaussian signals. We demonstrate a straightforward calculation of the mean and the variances on the Hellings-Downs correlation relying on a power spectrum formalism. We keep arbitrary pulsar distances and consider gravitational wave modes beyond Einstein gravity as well as off the light cone throughout, thereby presenting the most general and, most importantly, numerically efficient calculation of the variances.
Forward citations
Cited by 3 Pith papers
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Mitigating cosmic variance in the Hellings-Downs curve: a Cosmic Microwave Background analogy
An optimal multipole-space frequency weighting shows that PTA cosmic variance can be reduced with longer observations and better cadence, and the CMB would show a Hellings-Downs curve only if n_T>4.
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Estimating the gravitational wave background anisotropy: a Bayesian approach boosted by cross-correlation angular power spectrum
A new likelihood function estimates GWB anisotropy angular power spectra directly from detector data, and cross-correlation with the CMB can make the quadrupole measurable with four years of LISA data.
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\texttt{GWBird}: a toolkit for the characterization of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background for Ground, Space, and Pulsar Timing Array detectors
A new, unified Python package computes overlap reduction functions, power-law integrated sensitivity curves, and angular sensitivity curves for ground, space, and pulsar timing array detectors across all gravitational...
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