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Friction on ALP domain walls and gravitational waves

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arxiv 2210.14246 v2 pith:ZT4WCU4N submitted 2022-10-25 hep-ph

classification hep-ph
keywords domainfrictiongravitationalwallswavecaseparticlesrelevant
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We study the early Universe evolution of axion-like particle (ALP) domain walls taking into account the effect of friction from particles in the surrounding plasma, including the case of particles in thermal equilibrium and frozen out species. We characterize the friction force from interactions within the ALP effective theory, providing new results for the fermion contribution as well as identifying simple conditions for friction to be relevant during the domain wall life time. When friction dominates, the domain wall network departs from the standard scaling regime and the corresponding gravitational wave emission is affected. As a relevant example, we show how this can be the case for ALP domain walls emitting at the typical frequencies of Pulsar Timing Array experiments, when the ALP couples to the SM leptons. We then move to a general exploration of the gravitational wave prospects in the ALP parameter space. We finally illustrate how the gravitational wave signal from ALP domain walls is correlated with the quality of the underlying $U(1)$ symmetry.

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Forward citations

Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Domain Walls From Confining Bubbles: $SU(N_{c})$ Yang Mills at Finite $\theta$

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A nonzero theta angle weakens supercooling in SU(Nc) Yang-Mills confinement and makes any resulting domain-wall gravitational-wave signal invisible except under severe fine-tuning.

  2. Collapsing domain walls with $\mathbb{Z}_2$-violating coupling to thermalized fermions and their impact on gravitational wave detections

    hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Thermal corrections from a Z2-violating Yukawa coupling alter domain-wall annihilation temperatures and can change predicted gravitational wave spectra by orders of magnitude.

  3. Gravitational waves from seesaw assisted collapsing domain walls

    hep-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Right-handed-neutrino couplings generate the energy bias that collapses Z2 domain walls, linking the type-I seesaw mass scale to observable gravitational-wave peaks and to resonant leptogenesis.

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