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Massive black hole assembly in nuclear star clusters

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arxiv 2212.06845 v2 pith:37LMB3GY submitted 2022-12-13 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.COgr-qc

classification astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COgr-qc
keywords blackholenuclearclustersformationintermediate-massodotcluster
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Nuclear star clusters, which fragment into metal-poor stars in situ at the centers of protogalaxies, provide ideal environments for the formation of intermediate-mass black holes with masses $10^3-10^6M_\odot$. We utilize the semianalytic model implemented in Rapster, a public rapid cluster evolution code. We implement simple recipes for stellar collisions and gas accretion/expulsion into the code and identify the regimes where each channel contributes to the dynamical formation of intermediate-mass black holes via repeated mergers of stellar black hole seeds. We find that intermediate-mass black hole formation in gas-rich environments is almost inevitable if the initial mean density of the nuclear cluster is $>10^8M_\odot\,{\rm pc}^{-3}$. A million solar mass black hole can form within 100~Myr in the heaviest ($>10^7M_\odot$) and most compact ($<0.5~{\rm pc}$) nuclear clusters. We demonstrate that by today these resemble the observed range of nuclear clusters in dwarf galaxies and that there are potential gravitational-wave signatures of the massive black hole formation process.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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