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The Primordial Black Holes that Disappeared: Connections to Dark Matter and MHz-GHz Gravitational Waves

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arxiv 2304.09194 v2 pith:4DJNFHV4 submitted 2023-04-18 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords pbhscomputedarkhawkingblackcasecurvaturedensity
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

In the post-LIGO era, there has been a lot of focus on primordial black holes (PBHs) heavier than $\sim 10^{15}$g as potential dark matter (DM) candidates. We point out that the branch of the PBH family that disappeared - PBHs lighter than $\sim 10^9$g that ostensibly Hawking evaporated away in the early Universe - also constitute an interesting frontier for DM physics. Hawking evaporation itself serves as a portal through which such PBHs can illuminate new physics, for example by emitting dark sector particles. Taking a simple DM scalar singlet model as a template, we compute the abundance and mass of PBHs that could have provided, by Hawking evaporation, the correct DM relic density. We consider two classes of such PBHs: those originating from curvature perturbations generated by inflation, and those originating from false vacuum collapse during a first-order phase transition. For PBHs of both origins we compute the gravitational wave (GW) signals emanating from their formation stage: from second-order effects in the case of curvature perturbations, and from sound waves in the case of phase transitions. The GW signals have peak frequencies in the MHz-GHz range typical of such light PBHs. We compute the strength of such GWs compatible with the observed DM relic density, and find that the GW signal morphology can in principle allow one to distinguish between the two PBH formation histories.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Constraints on High-Frequency Gravitational Waves from Graviton-Photon Conversion in the M87 Galaxy

    hep-ph 2026-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Graviton–photon conversion in M87's magnetic field sets h_c and Ωgw h² limits 1–5 orders of magnitude tighter than Milky Way-based bounds across 10^10–10^27 Hz.

  2. Setting up stasis with gravitational interactions

    hep-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    PBH evaporation can fill a decaying particle tower with Ω_l ∝ m_l^{+1} or m_l^{-1}, and CGPP with α = 0, 1/2, or 2, matching the conditions needed for cosmological stasis.

  3. Page Time of Primordial Black Holes in the Standard Model and Beyond

    astro-ph.CO 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For Standard Model emission, a Schwarzschild primordial black hole of about 6.23 x 10^14 grams would reach its Page time at the current age of the Universe.

  4. Complementary Probes of Warped Extra Dimension: Colliders, Gravitational Waves and Primordial Black Holes from Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In Randall-Sundrum warped extra dimension models, the supercooled radion phase transition can form primordial black holes that account for all of dark matter for IR scales 10 TeV to 10^4 TeV, with correlated gravitati...

  5. PBH formation and Gravitational Waves as Multi-messenger Signals of First-order Phase Transitions

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    False-vacuum collapse during first-order phase transitions can form PBHs and emit GWs across a broad parameter range, and MeV-scale classically conformal U(1)_{B-L} symmetry breaking has the largest region where both ...

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