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Modeling the chemical enrichment history of the Bulge Fossil Fragment Terzan 5
Astrophysics of Galaxies · Submitted 24 May 2023
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We conclude that current observations fit within a formation scenario in which Terzan 5 originated from a pristine, or slightly metal-enriched, gas clump about one order of magnitude more massive than its present-day mass.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Terzan 5 is a heavily obscured stellar system located in the inner Galaxy. It has been postulated to be a stellar relic, a Bulge Fossil Fragment witnessing the complex history of the assembly of the Milky Way bulge. In this paper, we follow the chemical enrichment of a set of putative progenitors of Terzan 5 to assess whether the chemical properties of this cluster fit within a formation scenario in which it is the remnant of a primordial building block of the bulge. We can explain the metallicity distribution function and the runs of different element-to-iron abundance ratios as functions of [Fe/H] derived from optical-infrared spectroscopy of giant stars in Terzan 5, by assuming that the cluster experienced two major star formation bursts separated by a long quiescent phase. We further predict that the most metal-rich stars in Terzan 5 are moderately He-enhanced and a large spread of He abundances in the cluster, Y = 0.26-0.335. We conclude that current observations fit within a formation scenario in which Terzan 5 originated from a pristine, or slightly metal-enriched, gas clump about one order of magnitude more massive than its present-day mass. Losses of gas and stars played a major role in shaping Terzan 5 the way we see it now. The iron content of the youngest stellar population is better explained if the white dwarfs that give rise to type Ia supernovae (the main Fe factories) sink towards the cluster center, rather than being stripped by the strong tidal forces exerted by the Milky Way in the outer regions.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Terzan 5 is a heavily obscured stellar system located in the inner Galaxy. | background 1.00 | 0.13 | 0.01 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | It has been postulated to be a stellar relic, a Bulge Fossil Fragment witnessing the complex history of the assembly of the Milky Way bulge. | background 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | hedged possibility 0.80 |
| s2 | In this paper, we follow the chemical enrichment of a set of putative progenitors of Terzan 5 to assess whether the chemical properties of this cluster fit within a formation scenario in which it is the remnant of a primordial building block of the bulge. | contribution 0.96 | 0.76 | 0.04 | asserted 0.63 |
| s3 | We can explain the metallicity distribution function and the runs of different element-to-iron abundance ratios as functions of [Fe/H] derived from optical-infrared spectroscopy of giant stars in Terzan 5, by assuming that the cluster experienced two major star formation bursts separated by a long quiescent phase. | result 0.87 | 0.77 | 0.14 | asserted 0.65 |
| s4 | We further predict that the most metal-rich stars in Terzan 5 are moderately He-enhanced and a large spread of He abundances in the cluster, Y = 0.26-0.335. | result 0.99 | 0.81 | 0.05 | asserted 0.68 |
| s5 | We conclude that current observations fit within a formation scenario in which Terzan 5 originated from a pristine, or slightly metal-enriched, gas clump about one order of magnitude more massive than its present-day mass. | interpretation 0.83 | 0.78 | 0.88 | asserted 0.57 |
| s6 | Losses of gas and stars played a major role in shaping Terzan 5 the way we see it now. | interpretation 0.79 | 0.57 | 0.10 | asserted 1.00 |
| s7 | The iron content of the youngest stellar population is better explained if the white dwarfs that give rise to type Ia supernovae (the main Fe factories) sink towards the cluster center, rather than being stripped by the strong tidal forces exerted by the Milky Way in the outer regions. | interpretation 0.84 | 0.61 | 0.05 | asserted 0.66 |
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Original abstract
Terzan 5 is a heavily obscured stellar system located in the inner Galaxy. It has been postulated to be a stellar relic, a Bulge Fossil Fragment witnessing the complex history of the assembly of the Milky Way bulge. In this paper, we follow the chemical enrichment of a set of putative progenitors of Terzan 5 to assess whether the chemical properties of this cluster fit within a formation scenario in which it is the remnant of a primordial building block of the bulge. We can explain the metallicity distribution function and the runs of different element-to-iron abundance ratios as functions of [Fe/H] derived from optical-infrared spectroscopy of giant stars in Terzan 5, by assuming that the cluster experienced two major star formation bursts separated by a long quiescent phase. We further predict that the most metal-rich stars in Terzan 5 are moderately He-enhanced and a large spread of He abundances in the cluster, Y = 0.26-0.335. We conclude that current observations fit within a formation scenario in which Terzan 5 originated from a pristine, or slightly metal-enriched, gas clump about one order of magnitude more massive than its present-day mass. Losses of gas and stars played a major role in shaping Terzan 5 the way we see it now. The iron content of the youngest stellar population is better explained if the white dwarfs that give rise to type Ia supernovae (the main Fe factories) sink towards the cluster center, rather than being stripped by the strong tidal forces exerted by the Milky Way in the outer regions.
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Investigations of the effects of stellar multiplicity on massive star yields are still very limited, but promising studies are ongoing [ref] .
Nucleosynthesis of binary-stripped stars · Discussion and conclusions · 0.86
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