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Approximating a continuously stratified hydrostatic system by the multi-layer shallow water system
Analysis of PDEs · Submitted 21 Jul 2023
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Specifically we prove that, under an assumption of stable stratification, sufficiently regular solutions to the incompressible Euler equations can be approximated by solutions to multi-layer shallow water systems as the number of layers, $N$, increases.
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In this article we consider the multi-layer shallow water system for the propagation of gravity waves in density-stratified flows, with additional terms introduced by the oceanographers Gent and McWilliams in order to take into account large-scale isopycnal diffusivity induced by small-scale unresolved eddies. We establish a bridge between the multi-layer shallow water system and the corresponding system for continuously stratified flows, that is the incompressible Euler equations with eddy-induced diffusivity under the hydrostatic approximation. Specifically we prove that, under an assumption of stable stratification, sufficiently regular solutions to the incompressible Euler equations can be approximated by solutions to multi-layer shallow water systems as the number of layers, $N$, increases. Moreover, we provide a convergence rate of order $1/N^2$. A key ingredient in the proof is a stability estimate for the multi-layer system which relies on suitable energy estimates mimicking the ones recently established by Bianchini and Duch\^ene on the continuously stratified system. This requires to compile a dictionary that translates continuous operations (differentiation, integration, etc.) into corresponding discrete operations.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | In this article we consider the multi-layer shallow water system for the propagation of gravity waves in density-stratified flows, with additional terms introduced by the oceanographers Gent and McWilliams in order to take into account large-scale isopycnal diffusivity induced by small-scale unresolved eddies. | background 0.76 | 0.28 | 0.03 | asserted 0.76 |
| s1 | We establish a bridge between the multi-layer shallow water system and the corresponding system for continuously stratified flows, that is the incompressible Euler equations with eddy-induced diffusivity under the hydrostatic approximation. | contribution 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.28 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | Specifically we prove that, under an assumption of stable stratification, sufficiently regular solutions to the incompressible Euler equations can be approximated by solutions to multi-layer shallow water systems as the number of layers, $N$, increases. | result 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.82 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | Moreover, we provide a convergence rate of order $1/N^2$. | result 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.22 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | A key ingredient in the proof is a stability estimate for the multi-layer system which relies on suitable energy estimates mimicking the ones recently established by Bianchini and Duch\^ene on the continuously stratified system. | method 0.97 | 0.74 | 0.04 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | This requires to compile a dictionary that translates continuous operations (differentiation, integration, etc.) into corresponding discrete operations. | method 0.99 | 0.84 | 0.02 | asserted 0.97 |
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Original abstract
In this article we consider the multi-layer shallow water system for the propagation of gravity waves in density-stratified flows, with additional terms introduced by the oceanographers Gent and McWilliams in order to take into account large-scale isopycnal diffusivity induced by small-scale unresolved eddies. We establish a bridge between the multi-layer shallow water system and the corresponding system for continuously stratified flows, that is the incompressible Euler equations with eddy-induced diffusivity under the hydrostatic approximation. Specifically we prove that, under an assumption of stable stratification, sufficiently regular solutions to the incompressible Euler equations can be approximated by solutions to multi-layer shallow water systems as the number of layers, $N$, increases. Moreover, we provide a convergence rate of order $1/N^2$. A key ingredient in the proof is a stability estimate for the multi-layer system which relies on suitable energy estimates mimicking the ones recently established by Bianchini and Duch\^ene on the continuously stratified system. This requires to compile a dictionary that translates continuous operations (differentiation, integration, etc.) into corresponding discrete operations.
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For that matter, as in our previous works [ref] , we rely on the regularizing properties of thickness-diffusivity terms proposed by Gent and McWilliams [ref] so as to model the effective contributions of geostrophic eddy correlations in non-eddy-resolving systems.
Relaxing the sharp density stratification and columnar motion assumptions in layered shallow water systems · Introduction · 0.89
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