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Nano-Hertz gravitational waves from collapsing domain walls associated with freeze-in dark matter in light of pulsar timing array observations

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arxiv 2307.11495 v3 pith:NIMC5MWB submitted 2023-07-21 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords domainwallsarraydarkfieldgravitationalmatterpulsar
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abstract

Evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background in the nHz frequency band is recently reported by four pulsar timing array collaborations NANOGrav, EPTA, CPTA, and PPTA. It can be interpreted by gravitational waves from collapsing domain walls in the early universe. We assume such domain walls arising from the spontaneous breaking of a $Z_2$ symmetry in a scalar field theory, where a tiny $Z_2$-violating potential is required to make domain walls unstable. We propose that this $Z_2$-violating potential is radiatively induced by a feeble Yukawa coupling between the scalar field and a fermion field, which is also responsible for dark matter production via the freeze-in mechanism. Combining the pulsar timing array data and the observed dark matter relic density, we find that the model parameters can be narrowed down to small ranges.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Collapsing domain walls with $\mathbb{Z}_2$-violating coupling to thermalized fermions and their impact on gravitational wave detections

    hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Thermal corrections from a Z2-violating Yukawa coupling alter domain-wall annihilation temperatures and can change predicted gravitational wave spectra by orders of magnitude.

  2. Scalar-induced gravitational waves from a box-shaped curvature power spectrum

    gr-qc 2026-07 accept novelty 5.5 of 10

    Analytic SIGW spectra for a log-box curvature power spectrum: narrow-box geometric overlap factor turning IR slope k^{3}ln^{2}k into k^{2}ln^{2}k, plus broad-box product of universal edge functions.

  3. Gravitational waves from seesaw assisted collapsing domain walls

    hep-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Right-handed-neutrino couplings generate the energy bias that collapses Z2 domain walls, linking the type-I seesaw mass scale to observable gravitational-wave peaks and to resonant leptogenesis.

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