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Circumgalactic Ly$\alpha$ Nebulae in Overdense Quasar Pair Regions Observed with the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager
Astrophysics of Galaxies · Submitted 28 Jul 2023
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim In this study, all targets residing in QSO pair environments analyzed have Ly$\alpha$ detections, but only one of the four targets meets the classification criteria of an ELANe associated with a QSO pair region (z$\sim2.87$).
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
The recent discovery of enormous Ly$\alpha$ nebulae (ELANe), characterized by physical extents $>200$ kpc and Ly$\alpha$ luminosities $>10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$, provide a unique opportunity to study the intergalactic and circumgalactic medium (IGM/CGM) in distant galaxies. Many existing ELANe detections are associated with local overdensities of active galactic nuclei (AGN). We have initiated a search for ELANe around regions containing pairs of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) using the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager (PCWI). The first study of this search, Cai et al., presented results of ELAN0101+0201 which was associated with a QSO pair at $z=2.45$. In this study, all targets residing in QSO pair environments analyzed have Ly$\alpha$ detections, but only one of the four targets meets the classification criteria of an ELANe associated with a QSO pair region (z$\sim2.87$). The other three sample detections of Ly$\alpha$ nebulae do not meet the size and luminosity criteria to be classified as ELANe. We find kinematic evidence that the ELANe J1613, is possibly powered {mostly by AGN outflows.} The analysis of circularly-averaged surface brightness profiles of emission from the Ly$\alpha$ regions show that the {Ly$\alpha$ emission around $z\sim2$ QSO pairs is consistent with emission around individual QSOs at $z\sim2$, which is fainter than that around $z\sim3$ QSOs. A larger sample of Ly$\alpha$ at z$\sim$2 will be needed to determine if there is evidence of redshift evolution when compared to nebular emissions at z$\sim$3 from other studies.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The recent discovery of enormous Ly$\alpha$ nebulae (ELANe), characterized by physical extents $>200$ kpc and Ly$\alpha$ luminosities $>10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$, provide a unique opportunity to study the intergalactic and circumgalactic medium (IGM/CGM) in distant galaxies. | background 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | asserted 0.99 |
| s1 | Many existing ELANe detections are associated with local overdensities of active galactic nuclei (AGN). | background 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | asserted 0.99 |
| s2 | We have initiated a search for ELANe around regions containing pairs of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) using the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager (PCWI). | contribution 0.70 | 0.92 | 0.03 | asserted 0.99 |
| s3 | The first study of this search, Cai et al., presented results of ELAN0101+0201 which was associated with a QSO pair at $z=2.45$. | background 0.70 | 0.37 | 0.05 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | In this study, all targets residing in QSO pair environments analyzed have Ly$\alpha$ detections, but only one of the four targets meets the classification criteria of an ELANe associated with a QSO pair region (z$\sim2.87$). | result 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.53 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | The other three sample detections of Ly$\alpha$ nebulae do not meet the size and luminosity criteria to be classified as ELANe. | result 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.13 | asserted 1.00 |
| s6 | We find kinematic evidence that the ELANe J1613, is possibly powered {mostly by AGN outflows.} The analysis of circularly-averaged surface brightness profiles of emission from the Ly$\alpha$ regions show that the {Ly$\alpha$ emission around $z\sim2$ QSO pairs is consistent with emission around individual QSOs at $z\sim2$, which is fainter than that around $z\sim3$ QSOs. | result 0.73 | 0.93 | 0.37 | hedged possibility 0.92 |
| s7 | A larger sample of Ly$\alpha$ at z$\sim$2 will be needed to determine if there is evidence of redshift evolution when compared to nebular emissions at z$\sim$3 from other studies. | future work 1.00 | 0.15 | 0.07 | hedged possibility 0.48 |
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Original abstract
The recent discovery of enormous Ly$\alpha$ nebulae (ELANe), characterized by physical extents $>200$ kpc and Ly$\alpha$ luminosities $>10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$, provide a unique opportunity to study the intergalactic and circumgalactic medium (IGM/CGM) in distant galaxies. Many existing ELANe detections are associated with local overdensities of active galactic nuclei (AGN). We have initiated a search for ELANe around regions containing pairs of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) using the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager (PCWI). The first study of this search, Cai et al., presented results of ELAN0101+0201 which was associated with a QSO pair at $z=2.45$. In this study, all targets residing in QSO pair environments analyzed have Ly$\alpha$ detections, but only one of the four targets meets the classification criteria of an ELANe associated with a QSO pair region (z$\sim2.87$). The other three sample detections of Ly$\alpha$ nebulae do not meet the size and luminosity criteria to be classified as ELANe. We find kinematic evidence that the ELANe J1613, is possibly powered {mostly by AGN outflows.} The analysis of circularly-averaged surface brightness profiles of emission from the Ly$\alpha$ regions show that the {Ly$\alpha$ emission around $z\sim2$ QSO pairs is consistent with emission around individual QSOs at $z\sim2$, which is fainter than that around $z\sim3$ QSOs. A larger sample of Ly$\alpha$ at z$\sim$2 will be needed to determine if there is evidence of redshift evolution when compared to nebular emissions at z$\sim$3 from other studies.
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PSF subtraction is performed using the same methodology as [ref] to subtract bright QSOs and isolate extended nebular emission.
CWITools: A Python3 Data Analysis Pipeline for the Cosmic Web Imager Instruments · Data Reduction · 1.00
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