High-Energy Neutrino and Gamma Ray Production in Clusters of Galaxies

Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino; Giulia Pagliaroli; Saqib Hussain

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High-Energy Neutrino and Gamma Ray Production in Clusters of Galaxies

Saqib Hussain, Giulia Pagliaroli, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Submitted 29 Jul 2023

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We find that for CRs injected with a spectral index $1.5 - 2.7$ and cutoff energy $E_\text{max} = 10^{16} - 10^{17}$~eV, clusters contribute to a substantial fraction to the diffuse fluxes observed by the IceCube and Fermi-LAT, and most of the contribution comes from clusters with $M > 10^{14} \, M_{\odot}$ and redshift $z < 0.3$.

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arXiv ID2307.15851 (version 1)

Pith ID32VO5LX2, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationElisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Giulia Pagliaroli, Saqib Hussain. "High-Energy Neutrino and Gamma Ray Production in Clusters of Galaxies." arXiv:2307.15851 (2023). https://pith.science/paper/32VO5LX2

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.11 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.86 · compares with prior results 0.25 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We compute the contribution from clusters of galaxies to the diffuse neutrino and $\gamma-$ray background. Due to their unique magnetic-field configuration, cosmic rays (CRs) with energy $\leq10^{17}$ eV can be confined within these structures over cosmological time scales, and generate secondary particles, including neutrinos and $\gamma-$rays, through interactions with the background gas and photons. We employ three-dimensional (3D) cosmological magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of structure formation to model the turbulent intergalactic and intracluster media. We propagate CRs in these environments using multi-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations across different redshifts (from $z \sim 5$ to $z = 0$), considering all relevant photohadronic, photonuclear, and hadronuclear interactions. We also include the cosmological evolution of the CR sources. We find that for CRs injected with a spectral index $1.5 - 2.7$ and cutoff energy $E_\text{max} = 10^{16} - 10^{17}$~eV, clusters contribute to a substantial fraction to the diffuse fluxes observed by the IceCube and Fermi-LAT, and most of the contribution comes from clusters with $M > 10^{14} \, M_{\odot}$ and redshift $z < 0.3$. We also estimated the multimessenger contributions from the local galaxy cluster.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We compute the contribution from clusters of galaxies to the diffuse neutrino and $\gamma-$ray background.	contribution 1.00	0.95	0.04	asserted 0.68
s1	Due to their unique magnetic-field configuration, cosmic rays (CRs) with energy $\leq10^{17}$ eV can be confined within these structures over cosmological time scales, and generate secondary particles, including neutrinos and $\gamma-$rays, through interactions with the background gas and photons.	background 0.93	0.13	0.05	asserted 0.97
s2	We employ three-dimensional (3D) cosmological magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of structure formation to model the turbulent intergalactic and intracluster media.	method 1.00	0.96	0.02	asserted 0.95
s3	We propagate CRs in these environments using multi-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations across different redshifts (from $z \sim 5$ to $z = 0$), considering all relevant photohadronic, photonuclear, and hadronuclear interactions.	method 1.00	0.95	0.02	asserted 0.96
s4	We also include the cosmological evolution of the CR sources.	method 0.96	0.90	0.02	asserted 0.86
s5	We find that for CRs injected with a spectral index $1.5 - 2.7$ and cutoff energy $E_\text{max} = 10^{16} - 10^{17}$~eV, clusters contribute to a substantial fraction to the diffuse fluxes observed by the IceCube and Fermi-LAT, and most of the contribution comes from clusters with $M > 10^{14} \, M_{\odot}$ and redshift $z < 0.3$.	result 1.00	0.97	0.88	asserted 1.00
s6	We also estimated the multimessenger contributions from the local galaxy cluster.	contribution 0.78	0.95	0.05	asserted 0.94

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: simulation study 1.00 · evidence from simulation or computation 1.00.

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arXiv listing abstract v1

not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
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P abstract

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S sections
T body sentences
C citations
R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

We compute the contribution from clusters of galaxies to the diffuse neutrino and $\gamma-$ray background. Due to their unique magnetic-field configuration, cosmic rays (CRs) with energy $\leq10^{17}$ eV can be confined within these structures over cosmological time scales, and generate secondary particles, including neutrinos and $\gamma-$rays, through interactions with the background gas and photons. We employ three-dimensional (3D) cosmological magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of structure formation to model the turbulent intergalactic and intracluster media. We propagate CRs in these environments using multi-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations across different redshifts (from $z \sim 5$ to $z = 0$), considering all relevant photohadronic, photonuclear, and hadronuclear interactions. We also include the cosmological evolution of the CR sources. We find that for CRs injected with a spectral index $1.5 - 2.7$ and cutoff energy $E_\text{max} = 10^{16} - 10^{17}$~eV, clusters contribute to a substantial fraction to the diffuse fluxes observed by the IceCube and Fermi-LAT, and most of the contribution comes from clusters with $M > 10^{14} \, M_{\odot}$ and redshift $z < 0.3$. We also estimated the multimessenger contributions from the local galaxy cluster.

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What this paper does with the arXiv papers it cites

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers whose main result relates to this one's

Found among the papers closest to this one by title and main claim. Pith's classifier compared each pair's main results and a second model family confirmed the relation; checked against two further families, shown conflicts agreed 118 times in 120 and shown same results 218 times in 239. The quoted sentence is the other paper's main claim.

States a conflicting result 2 papers

We stress that our results are valid for all kind of sources injecting CR protons into the ICM, and that, while IceCube can test the most optimistic scenarios for spectral indexes >=-2.2 by stacking few nearby massive objects, clusters of galaxies cannot give any relevant contribution to the extragalactic gamma-ray and neutrino backgrounds in any realistic scenario.

Neutrinos from Clusters of Galaxies and Radio Constraints · 0.92
We argue that our results are optimistic due to our assumptions, and that clusters of galaxies cannot give any relevant contribution to the extragalactic gamma-ray and neutrino backgrounds.

High-energy gamma-ray and neutrino backgrounds from clusters of galaxies and radio constraints · 0.91

What it cites · 4 sentences without a confident label

Compares with 3 papers

Our results on neutrinos [ref] match with the previous studies [ref] and the $γ-$rays flux we obtained [ref] roughly agree with the predictions of [ref] .

Particle Reacceleration by Turbulence and Radio Constraints on Multi-Messenger High-Energy Emission from the Coma Cluster · Discussion and Conclusion · 1.00
Moreover, the $γ-$ray flux we obtained from the cluster population up to redshift $z≤5.0$ is comparable with the sensitivity curves of the HAWC [ref] , the LHAASO [ref] , and even the CTA [ref] which indicates possible observations of $γ-$rays from these sources [ref] .

Limits on the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background above 10 TeV with HAWC · Discussion and Conclusion · 0.92
However, the CR flux is much smaller than the observed UHECR flux from Auger data [ref] .

Constraining the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays across and above the ankle with the spectrum and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory · Multi-messenger from Perseus-like clusters · 0.84

Cites as background 1 paper

supernova remnants [ref] , gamma-ray bursts [ref] .

Neutrino search from {\gamma}-ray bursts during the prompt and X-ray afterglow phases using 10 years of IceCube public data · Introdcution · 0.97

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